# Verified Supplement Data — Complete Product Database

> Machine-readable full data dump. Site: https://verifiedsupplementdata.com
> Last updated: 2026-08-03 (prices re-verified via Amazon Product Advertising API; per-product verification dates below)
> License: CC BY 4.0
> 730 products, 116 categories. Evidence summaries with PMIDs live on each category's linked pages.

## Methodology

We chain clinical trial evidence (PubMed systematic reviews and meta-analyses) to specific supplement products, verified against the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD). All costs are normalized to clinically-effective daily dose (not cost per pill). Third-party certifications (USP Verified, NSF Certified for Sport, IFOS, ConsumerLab) are independently verified. Affiliate disclosure: Amazon links use tag verifiedsupp2-20.

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## Algal Omega 3

**Clinical dose:** 250-500 mg/day combined EPA+DHA (general adequate intake); 1-2.4 g/day for triglyceride-lowering
**Use cases:** general omega-3 adequacy, triglyceride-lowering
**Form verdict:** Shop by EPA+DHA mg and the EPA:DHA ratio, not softgel count — a DHA-only product won't replicate a trial that used EPA-containing oil; only Nordic Naturals discloses its EPA:DHA split among tracked products.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/algal-omega-3/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/algal-omega-3/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/algal-omega-3/algal-oil-vs-fish-oil/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/algal-omega-3/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/algal-omega-3/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/algal-omega-3/for-vegans-and-vegetarians/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sports Research Vegan Omega-3, 60 Veggie Softgels | Sports Research | 630 mg combined EPA+DHA / 1 softgel | 60 | $26.95 | $0.45 | Non-GMO Tested, Vegan Certified | B0842DJJYC | cheapest-per-gram-combined | 2026-08-01 |
| Future Kind Vegan Omega-3, 60 Softgels | Future Kind | 275 mg total omega-3 (combined EPA+DHA) / 1 softgel | 60 | $29.99 | $0.50 | None stated | B08LGJKN1J | — | 2026-08-01 |
| DEVA Vegan Omega-3 DHA-EPA, 500mg | DEVA | 500 mg combined EPA+DHA / 1 softgel | 60 | $31.98 | $0.53 | None stated | B08F8K36RP | budget-carrageenan-free | 2026-08-01 |
| Nordic Naturals Algae Omega, 90 Softgels | Nordic Naturals | 715 mg total omega-3 / 2 softgels | 45 | $32.51 | $0.72 | Non-GMO, Certified Vegan | B081QQ7PRP | only-disclosed-epa-dha-split | 2026-08-01 |
| Garden of Life Minami Algae Omega-3, 60 Mini Softgels | Garden of Life | 500 mg DHA (DHA-only, no disclosed EPA) / 2 mini softgels | 30 | $34.29 | $1.14 | None stated | B003B6Y0CE | dha-only-premium-priced | 2026-08-01 |

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## Alpha Gpc

**Clinical dose:** 250-630 mg/day in healthy-adult trials; the 1,200 mg/day prescription dementia dose is NOT a healthy-adult performance target
**Use cases:** cognitive performance, focus, sports power/strength
**Form verdict:** Alpha-GPC is commonly sold as a 50%-standardized blend, so a labeled 600mg may deliver only 300mg actual alpha-GPC — only Double Wood discloses this math; 4 of 5 tracked products don't state raw-material vs actual-compound weight.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-gpc/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-gpc/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-gpc/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-gpc/does-alpha-gpc-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-gpc/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-gpc/for-exercise-performance/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Supplements Alpha-GPC 300 mg | NOW Foods | 300 mg Alpha-GPC / 1 capsule | 60 | $23.29 | $0.39 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B001RYKA3U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Alpha GPC 630 mg (Extra Strength) | Sports Research | 630 mg Alpha-GPC / 1 liquid capsule | 60 | $26.95 | $0.45 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B0FCN2D773 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Alpha GPC 600 mg | Nutricost | 600 mg Alpha-GPC / 2 capsules | 30 | $14.95 | $0.50 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B076XDRNWH | cheapest | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Alpha GPC 300 mg | Jarrow Formulas | 300 mg Alpha-GPC / 1 capsule | 60 | $33.94 | $0.57 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B0013OQEHU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Supplements Alpha-GPC | Double Wood | 600 mg Alpha-GPC / 2 capsules | 30 | $19.95 | $0.67 | Brand discloses 50%-standardized raw material on its own product page (brand claim; not independently lab-verified this session) | B00XWQSD7G | disclosure-leader | 2026-08-01 |

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## Alpha Lipoic Acid

**Clinical dose:** 600 mg/day (standard studied oral dose, racemic); studied range ~300-1,800 mg/day
**Use cases:** diabetic peripheral neuropathy, glycemic/antioxidant support
**Form verdict:** Only the R-(+) enantiomer is biologically active; standard racemic ALA is 50% R, so 600mg racemic delivers only ~300mg active R — R-ALA/Na-R-ALA is better absorbed but not a cheaper source of active R per mg.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-lipoic-acid/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-lipoic-acid/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-lipoic-acid/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-lipoic-acid/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-lipoic-acid/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/alpha-lipoic-acid/r-vs-racemic/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg (240 Capsules) | BulkSupplements | 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (600 mg) | 240 | $22.97 | $0.10 | None (third-party tested) | B0BB6BDWN3 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (600 mg) | 240 | $24.89 | $0.10 | None (in-house third-party tested) | B01CKLMWYS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg with Biotin (240 Capsules) | Horbaach | 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 2 capsules (600 mg) | 120 | $18.99 | $0.16 | None | B09KS6LLLD | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost R-Alpha Lipoic Acid 100 mg (120 Capsules) | Nutricost | 100 mg R-alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (100 mg) | 120 | $21.95 | $0.18 | None | B09NS4HZZB | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Alpha-Lipoic Acid 600 mg (60 Veg Caps) | Doctor's Best | 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (600 mg) | 60 | $16.99 | $0.28 | None (Non-GMO) | B000NRTWKO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg, Extra Strength (60 Veg Caps) | NOW Foods | 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (600 mg) | 60 | $16.93 | $0.29 | None (NOW GMP) | B0013OSKU4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Alpha Lipoic Sustain 300 mg with Biotin, Sustained-Release (60 Tablets) | Jarrow Formulas | 300 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 tablet (300 mg) | 60 | $18.74 | $0.31 | None | B0013OX7XY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Stabilized R-Lipoic Acid with BioEnhanced Na-RALA 100 mg (60 Veg Caps) | Doctor's Best | 100 mg R-alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (100 mg) | 60 | $19.99 | $0.33 | None | B005P0SD7C | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Country Life R-Alpha Lipoic Acid Complex 300 mg (60 Tablets) | Country Life | 300 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 tablet (300 mg) | 60 | $27.49 | $0.46 | None | B000FL9FUU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Super R-Lipoic Acid 240 mg active (Sodium R-Lipoate) (60 Veg Caps) | Life Extension | 240 mg R-alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (240 mg) | 60 | $33.94 | $0.57 | None | B0027YKO1C | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Alpha-Lipoic Acid 300 mg (60 Caps) | Thorne | 300 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (300 mg) | 60 | $41.00 | $0.68 | NSF Certified for Sport | B00OVNEY1I | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations R-Lipoic Acid, Stabilized (100 mg) (60 Caps) | Pure Encapsulations | 100 mg R-alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (100 mg) | 60 | $57.00 | $0.95 | None (practitioner brand) | B001684EFC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Alpha Lipoic Acid 600 mg (60 Caps) | Pure Encapsulations | 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid / 1 capsule (600 mg) | 60 | $67.50 | $1.12 | None (practitioner brand) | B0015SV7VC | — | 2026-08-01 |

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## Ashwagandha

**Clinical dose:** 120-600 mg/day of a standardized extract (not raw powder); common protocol 300 mg KSM-66 twice daily (600 mg/day); Sensoril/Shoden 120-240 mg/day
**Use cases:** stress/anxiety, sleep quality; (testosterone, strength, cognition evidence is preliminary)
**Form verdict:** Evidence is strong for stress and sleep but only preliminary for testosterone, strength, and cognition — treat those as 'an early trial found,' not proven; match extract (KSM-66 vs Sensoril/Shoden) to the studied dose, since a bare 'ashwagandha 500mg' with no named extract can't be matched to any study.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/ashwagandha/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/for-anxiety-stress/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/for-sleep/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/ksm66-vs-sensoril/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ashwagandha/liver-safety/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Ashwagandha Extract (450mg, 90ct) | NOW Foods | 450 mg / 1 capsule | 90 | $9.85 | $0.12 | None | B0013OQIJY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nootropics Depot KSM-66 Ashwagandha (300mg, 90ct) | Nootropics Depot | 300 mg / 1 capsule | 90 | $22.99 | $0.25 | Third-Party Tested | B01CZ2EFC4 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Ashwagandha KSM-66 (300mg, 120ct) | Jarrow Formulas | 300 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $22.93 | $0.38 | None | B0013OQEO8 | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Ashwagandha (Shoden, 120mg, 30ct) | Thorne | 120 mg / 1 capsule | 30 | $22.00 | $0.73 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0FFQPKH7Z | quality | 2026-08-01 |

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## Astaxanthin

**Clinical dose:** 4-20 mg/day depending on use case: 4 mg (skin/exercise), 9 mg (eye fatigue), 6-12 mg (lipids), 12 mg (commercial default)
**Use cases:** eye/screen fatigue, skin/UV tolerance, lipid/oxidative markers; exercise evidence mixed
**Form verdict:** No evidence higher doses add benefit — a 20 mg/day trial in trained cyclists found nothing; natural-source human safety data extends to 24 mg/day, so ignore the '2 mg EFSA limit,' which comes from a synthetic-astaxanthin rat study, not natural human data.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/for-eye-visual-fatigue/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/astaxanthin/natural-vs-synthetic/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Astaxanthin 4 mg (Zanthin) | NOW Foods | 4 mg astaxanthin / 1 softgel | 90 | $14.11 | $0.16 | None stated | B004PGSZZC | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Astaxanthin 12 mg | Nutricost | 12 mg astaxanthin / 1 softgel | 120 | $27.95 | $0.23 | None stated | B078Z16G8W | bulk-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Triple Strength Astaxanthin 12 mg | Sports Research | 12 mg astaxanthin / 1 softgel | 60 | $26.95 | $0.44 | None stated | B07V574YYY | oil-carrier | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutrex Hawaii BioAstin 12 mg | Nutrex Hawaii | 12 mg astaxanthin / 1 softgel | 50 | $31.99 | $0.64 | None stated | B006X1DCVO | natural-source-pedigree | 2026-08-01 |

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## B Complex

**Clinical dose:** No single 'B-complex' dose; the key numeric guardrail is vitamin B6's 100 mg/day Upper Limit — dose for adequacy, not potency
**Use cases:** correcting B-vitamin deficiency/adequacy (not cardiovascular prevention)
**Form verdict:** Prefer the active 5-MTHF folate form over folic acid; a B-complex is NOT proven cardiovascular prevention — it lowers homocysteine but trials found no reduction in heart attack, death, or stroke.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/b-complex/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/b-complex/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/b-complex/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/b-complex/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/b-complex/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/b-complex/methylated-vs-cheap-and-megadose/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Made Super B-Complex with Vitamin C (140 Tablets) | Nature Made | 2 mg B6 / 1 tablet | 140 | $9.89 | $0.07 | USP Verified | B005D0DTS2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Super B-Complex with Vitamin C (150 Tablets) | Nature's Bounty | 5 mg B6 / 1 tablet | 150 | $9.98 | $0.07 | None | B0014D2GEK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Vitamin B-50 (100 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 50 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 100 | $11.62 | $0.12 | None | B00DHX3Z3G | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar B-Complex '50' (100 Veg Capsules) | Solgar | 50 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 100 | $11.96 | $0.12 | None | B00024D6CS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Vitamin B-100 (100 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 100 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 100 | $13.02 | $0.13 | None | B000UX110A | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar B-Complex '100' (100 Veg Capsules) | Solgar | 100 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 100 | $18.92 | $0.19 | None | B000RZQNV8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas B-Right (100 Veggie Caps) | Jarrow Formulas | 35 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 100 | $19.99 | $0.20 | None | B0016003Z0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations B-Complex Plus (120 Capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 16.7 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 120 | $42.00 | $0.35 | None | B00JYFN6DU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Country Life Coenzyme B-Complex (120 Capsules) | Country Life | 50 mg B6 / 2 capsules | 60 | $26.24 | $0.44 | None | B0011FY9AU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Designs for Health B-Supreme Methylated B Complex (120 Capsules) | Designs for Health | 50 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 120 | $52.99 | $0.44 | None | B00290I4NO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Basic B Complex (60 Capsules) | Thorne | 10 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 60 | $27.00 | $0.45 | NSF Certified | B00HST919C | — | 2026-08-01 |

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## Beetroot

**Clinical dose:** ~6-13 mmol nitrate/day (~372-800 mg); minimum effective ~6 mmol (~372 mg); benefit plateaus ~8.4 mmol (~520 mg)
**Use cases:** exercise performance / nitric oxide support
**Form verdict:** The dose that matters is nitrate content, not beetroot weight — almost no label discloses nitrate (only 1 of 16 tracked products does), so most retail products can't be verified against the studied dose.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beetroot/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beetroot/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beetroot/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beetroot/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beetroot/for-blood-pressure/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beetroot/nitrate-label-trap/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Beet Root Extract, 400 mg (365 capsules) | BulkSupplements | 400 mg beet extract / 1 capsule (400 mg extract) | 365 | $23.97 | $0.07 | COA on request (not stamped) | B0CFSG9DNN | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach Beet Root Capsules (320 capsules) | Horbaach | 1500 mg beetroot / 2 capsules | 160 | $19.99 | $0.12 | Non-GMO (no third-party cert) | B091Z6ZX9V | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Beet Root, 1,000 mg per serving (100 capsules) | Nature's Way | 1000 mg beetroot / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 50 | $11.19 | $0.22 | TRU-ID DNA authenticated | B00068JBIS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Zazzee Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract (120 capsules) | Zazzee | 400 mg beet extract (20:1) / 1 capsule (400 mg 20:1 extract) | 120 | $27.97 | $0.23 | USDA Organic | B07SLFG6JY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Micro Ingredients Organic Beet Root Juice Powder (1 lb) | Micro Ingredients | 3500 mg beet juice powder / 1 scoop (~3.5 g) | 129 | $29.95 | $0.24 | USDA Organic | B01N32M7BR | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Sports Beet Root, 550 mg (180 veg capsules) | NOW Foods | 1650 mg beetroot / 3 capsules (1,650 mg) | 60 | $14.69 | $0.24 | cGMP (NPA-certified facility) | B09KYHB8K1 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Force Factor Total Beets Soft Chews with Nitrates (60 chews) | Force Factor | 1000 mg beet + nitrate extract / 1 chew | 60 | $14.98 | $0.25 | None | B095WNBLMN | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Nutrition Organic Beet Root, 1,300 mg (60 capsules) | Nature's Nutrition | 1300 mg beetroot / 2 capsules (1,300 mg) | 30 | $7.82 | $0.26 | USDA Organic | B084KXBMDS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| KOS Organic Beet Root Powder (90 servings) | KOS | 4000 mg beet powder / 1 scoop (~4 g) | 90 | $23.95 | $0.27 | USDA Organic | B07K413HHM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Beet Root Extract 20:1 Capsules, standardized to min. 4% nitrates (180 caps) | Beet Root Extract 20:1 | 600 mg beet extract (20:1) / 2 capsules (600 mg 20:1 extract) | 90 | $25.99 | $0.29 | Third-party tested (private label, brand unlisted) | B09ZQ1NWV2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Truth Beet Root Gummies (60 count) | Nature's Truth | 300 mg beet extract / 2 gummies | 30 | $11.53 | $0.38 | None | B09TRZ3DXT | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Zhou N.O. Pro Nitric Oxide with Beet Root & L-Arginine (120 capsules) | Zhou Nutrition | 160 mg beetroot / 4 capsules | 30 | $28.69 | $0.96 | None | B072LB6YLD | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Snap Supplements Organic Beet Root Powder, Mixed Berry (30 servings) | Snap Supplements | 5000 mg beet blend / 1 scoop | 30 | $32.96 | $1.10 | USDA Organic | B07SHZPWVY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Snap Supplements Nitric Oxide Beet Root Chews, Mixed Berry (60 chews) | Snap Supplements | 1250 mg beet extract / 2 chews | 30 | $33.95 | $1.13 | None | B0DDR4YMTT | — | 2026-08-01 |
| HumanN SuperBeets Beet Root Powder, Black Cherry (30 servings) | HumanN | 5000 mg beet blend / 1 scoop (~5 g) | 30 | $37.95 | $1.27 | Third-party tested (lab not named) | B01ENMEXO4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| HumanN SuperBeets Heart Chews, Pomegranate Berry (60 count) | HumanN | 500 mg beetroot / 2 chews | 30 | $39.95 | $1.33 | Third-party tested (lab not named) | B07SRK1F3Y | — | 2026-08-01 |

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## Berberine

**Clinical dose:** 500 mg 2-3x/day (1,000-1,500 mg/day total), taken with or just before meals
**Use cases:** blood sugar/type 2 diabetes, cholesterol/lipids; (PCOS and weight-loss effects modest)
**Form verdict:** Not 'nature's Ozempic' — berberine's weight effect is roughly 1-2% of body weight (some analyses find none) versus semaglutide's ~15%; it has real CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein drug interactions, so check with a doctor before combining with statins, cyclosporine, or diabetes medication.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/berberine/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/for-blood-sugar/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/natures-ozempic/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/side-effects/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/berberine/vs-metformin/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Supplements Berberine Glucose Support | NOW Foods | 400 mg / 3 capsules | 30 | $21.99 | $0.73 | None | B07PSMZ3J1 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Sunergetic Premium Berberine 1200mg | Sunergetic | 1200 mg / 2 capsules | 30 | $22.95 | $0.76 | None | B01AMPTXLE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Berberine 1000mg | Thorne | 1000 mg / 2 capsules | 30 | $44.00 | $1.47 | NSF Certified for Sport | B009LI7VRC | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Beta Alanine

**Clinical dose:** 4-6 g/day for at least 4 weeks (cumulative loading dose, split into smaller doses through the day)
**Use cases:** high-intensity exercise performance (~1-4 minute efforts)
**Form verdict:** It is a loading supplement with no same-day/pre-workout effect — the tingling (paresthesia) is harmless and proves a large single dose, not an effective daily total; it helps ~1-4 minute high-intensity efforts, not sub-60-second sprints or 1RM strength.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-alanine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-alanine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-alanine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-alanine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-alanine/is-your-preworkout-underdosed/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-alanine/vs-creatine/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Beta-Alanine Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg beta-alanine / 1 scoop (3 g) | 167 | $19.97 | $0.16 | ISO 17025 third-party tested, cGMP | B00EIO4I7A | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Sports Beta-Alanine CarnoSyn Powder (500 g) | NOW Sports | 2000 mg beta-alanine / 1/2 tsp (2 g) | 250 | $23.63 | $0.19 | cGMP (NPA A-rated); CarnoSyn | B0017KU74Q | pick-quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Beta-Alanine Powder (300 g) | Nutricost | 3000 mg beta-alanine / 1 scoop (3 g) | 100 | $14.95 | $0.20 | 3rd-party tested (ISO lab) | B00MWE8WAM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| ALLMAX Beta-Alanine Powder BetaSynth (400 g) | ALLMAX | 3200 mg beta-alanine / 1 scoop (3.2 g) | 125 | $23.95 | $0.24 | >99% purity, 5-stage tested, cGMP | B003NZE0OG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Beta-Alanine Capsules 3400 mg (240 ct) | Nutricost | 3400 mg beta-alanine / 4 capsules | 60 | $18.95 | $0.37 | 3rd-party tested (ISO lab) | B07XZL1ZQS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Beta-Alanine Capsules (240 ct) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg beta-alanine / 4 capsules | 60 | $19.97 | $0.44 | ISO 17025 third-party tested, cGMP | B0CCQLST2F | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Codeage Liposomal Beta-Alanine CarnoSyn (180 caps) | Codeage | 1600 mg beta-alanine / 3 capsules | 60 | $42.99 | $1.79 | None stated | B0BX941219 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Beta-Alanine-SR CarnoSyn (NSF Sport) | Thorne | 1600 mg beta-alanine / 2 tablets | 60 | $46.00 | $1.92 | NSF Certified for Sport (independent) | B06XKWQ5NW | pick-tested | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Beta Carotene

**Clinical dose:** Retail supplements commonly sell 15,000-25,000 IU/day (~9-15mg); ATBC harm-trial dose was 20 mg/day isolated; CARET harm-trial dose was 30 mg/day + 25,000 IU retinyl palmitate; no RDA or Upper Limit exists for beta-carotene itself
**Use cases:** general antioxidant/eye-health marketing use; one narrow medical use (EPP photoprotection)
**Form verdict:** Current/former smokers and anyone with significant asbestos exposure should not take beta-carotene supplements at any dose — this is settled evidence from two RCTs plus a Cochrane meta-analysis, and the typical retail dose sits close to the harm-trial doses, not far below them.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-carotene/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-carotene/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-carotene/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-carotene/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-carotene/for-eye-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/beta-carotene/lung-cancer-trials-explained/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Natural Beta Carotene 25,000 IU | NOW Foods | 15 mg beta-carotene / 1 softgel | 180 | $21.90 | $0.12 | None stated | B00024D862 | isolated-near-atbc-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Beta Carotene (with Mixed Carotenoids) 25,000 IU | Pure Encapsulations | 15 mg beta-carotene / 1 softgel capsule | 90 | $37.00 | $0.41 | Hypoallergenic, NSF-audited GMP | B0064R8DQG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Country Life Carotenoid Complex | Country Life | null mg carotenoid blend (not disclosed) / 1 softgel | 60 | $27.59 | $0.46 | None stated | B001USD5QW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Karuna Mixed Carotenoids | Karuna | 7.75 mg disclosed carotenoids (lutein+lycopene+zeaxanthin+cryptoxanthin; beta-carotene amount not disclosed) / 1 vegetarian capsule | 30 | $36.60 | $1.22 | None stated | B0025PZGU2 | lowest-beta-carotene-dominance | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Betaine Hcl

**Clinical dose:** Retail capsules commonly 500-650 mg plain (up to ~790 mg blended with pepsin); no dose-response or chronic-use trial exists for this OTC range
**Use cases:** low stomach acid / digestive support (hypochlorhydria) — self-care use, not a validated diagnostic protocol
**Form verdict:** The popular capsule-titration 'warmth test' (add a capsule per meal until it burns) has no clinical validation — real hypochlorhydria testing requires a clinician (Heidelberg capsule or gastric aspirate); avoid self-titrating if you have ulcer/gastritis/GERD history or take NSAIDs, corticosteroids, PPIs, or H2 blockers.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-hcl/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-hcl/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-hcl/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-hcl/does-betaine-hcl-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-hcl/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-hcl/for-low-stomach-acid/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Betaine HCl + Pepsin 790mg (240ct) | Nutricost | 790 mg blend (betaine HCl + pepsin) / 1 capsule, with a protein-containing meal | 240 | $16.95 | $0.07 | None claimed | B077NS1KDK | with-pepsin | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Betaine HCl 648mg, Vegetarian Formula (120ct) | NOW Foods | 648 mg betaine HCl / 1 veg capsule, with a protein-containing meal | 120 | $13.46 | $0.11 | None claimed | B000M4CD2C | plain | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Betaine HCl Pepsin & Gentian Bitters (120ct) | Doctor's Best | 1 capsule / 1 capsule, with a protein-containing meal | 120 | $15.99 | $0.13 | None claimed | B000NRTXGW | with-pepsin-gentian | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray High Potency Betaine HCl with Pepsin (100ct) | Solaray | 1 capsule / 1 VegCap, with a protein-containing meal | 100 | $14.89 | $0.15 | None claimed | B003YMCALI | with-pepsin | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Betaine HCl & Pepsin (225ct) | Thorne | 1 capsule / 1 capsule, with a protein-containing meal | 225 | $47.00 | $0.21 | NSF Certified for Sport (per brand positioning) | B00OVMTTFK | premium-certified | 2026-08-01 |
| BIOptimizers HCL Breakthrough, Pepsin-Free (90ct) | BIOptimizers | 1 capsule / 1 capsule, with a protein-containing meal | 90 | $27.99 | $0.31 | None claimed | B071GC5VRN | pepsin-free | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Betaine Tmg

**Clinical dose:** ~2.5 g/day for performance (often split 1.25g twice daily); 3-6 g/day for homocysteine-lowering (6 g/day shows the clearest effect)
**Use cases:** athletic performance/body composition; homocysteine-lowering
**Form verdict:** Two distinct dose ranges depending on the goal, not one — no performance trial in this evidence base found a 1RM strength advantage at the ~2.5g dose; the 6g/day homocysteine dose also raises LDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-tmg/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-tmg/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-tmg/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-tmg/does-betaine-work-for-strength/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-tmg/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/betaine-tmg/for-homocysteine/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Betaine Anhydrous Powder (1 kg) | BulkSupplements | 1500 g betaine (TMG) / 1 scoop (1.5 g) | 666 | $28.97 | $0.07 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B00GW6T0O8 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Betaine Anhydrous TMG Powder (500 g) | Nutricost | 1500 g betaine (TMG) / 1 scoop (~1.5 g, unmeasured by label) | 333 | $15.95 | $0.08 | 3rd-party tested (ISO lab) | B01BCQ3RLE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Vitamatic Betaine Anhydrous (TMG) Powder (250 g) | Vitamatic | 1497 g betaine (TMG) / 1 scoop (~1.5 g) | 167 | $9.99 | $0.10 | None stated | B0GW9LGJNC | best-value-small | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost TMG (Trimethylglycine) 750 mg (120 caps) | Nutricost | 750 mg betaine (TMG) / 1 capsule | 120 | $9.95 | $0.28 | 3rd-party tested (ISO lab) | B01F5QSHUS | budget-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods TMG Betaine 1,000 mg (Tablets) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg betaine (TMG) / 1 tablet | 100 | $17.14 | $0.43 | cGMP (NPA-certified facility) | B000MGOWN8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension TMG 500 mg (100 Liquid Veg Caps) | Life Extension | 500 mg betaine (TMG) / 1 capsule | 100 | $19.95 | $1.00 | GMP; reputable manufacturer | B0BTV1V1LF | clean-label-capsule | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Biotin

**Clinical dose:** ~30 mcg/day adequate intake; if supplementing, 1,000-2,500 mcg/day is plenty (megadoses of 5,000-10,000 mcg on labels are not shown to work better)
**Use cases:** hair loss, brittle nails (only helps if genuinely biotin-deficient)
**Form verdict:** form isn't the differentiator; the real caution is dose — avoid unnecessary megadoses (5,000-10,000 mcg) because excess biotin can distort blood tests (falsely low troponin, thyroid results mimicking Graves')
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/biotin/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/biotin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/biotin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/biotin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/biotin/for-hair-growth/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/biotin/for-nails/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Made Biotin 2500 mcg Extra Strength | Nature Made | 2500 mcg / 1 softgel | 150 | $15.74 | $0.10 | USP Verified | B00DS5BG52 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Biotin 5000 mcg with Coconut Oil | Sports Research | 5000 mcg / 1 veggie softgel | 120 | $17.95 | $0.15 | Non-GMO Verified | B00IOZWC2M | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Biotin-8 (8000 mcg) | Thorne | 8000 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $28.00 | $0.47 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0797CG5R8 | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Boron

**Clinical dose:** 3 mg/day elemental boron is the most-studied and most common retail dose; hormone-focused trials used 2.5-11.6 mg/day; no evidence of added benefit above ~10 mg/day; US upper limit is 20 mg/day
**Use cases:** bone/mineral metabolism support; possible testosterone support (weak, single-trial evidence)
**Form verdict:** no evidence that more than ~10 mg/day adds benefit; stick to the 3 mg most-studied dose rather than stacking boron-containing products toward the 20 mg upper limit
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boron/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boron/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boron/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boron/does-boron-raise-testosterone/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boron/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boron/for-bone-health/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Boron 3 mg (Bororganic Glycine) | NOW Foods | 3 mg elemental boron / 1 capsule | 100 | $5.20 | $0.05 | cGMP (NPA-certified facility) | B00C0BTJGS | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Boron 3 mg + Vitamin B2 | Life Extension | 3 mg elemental boron / 1 capsule | 100 | $5.25 | $0.05 | GMP; no third-party COA | B000LLYDEM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Triple Boron Complex 3 mg | Swanson | 3 mg elemental boron / 1 capsule | 250 | $14.49 | $0.06 | cGMP | B07F92W9MK | bulk-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Vitamatic Chelated Boron 10 mg | Vitamatic | 10 mg elemental boron / 1 capsule | 240 | $13.99 | $0.06 | None stated | B0CZM9H6K9 | high-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Boron 2 mg | Pure Encapsulations | 2 mg elemental boron / 1 capsule | 60 | $14.00 | $0.23 | NSF-audited GMP, hypoallergenic | B003PR0U7I | clean-label | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Boswellia

**Clinical dose:** 100-250 mg/day of an AKBA-standardized extract (5-Loxin studied at 100 and 250 mg/day; Aflapin at 100 mg/day) — not plain boswellia powder
**Use cases:** osteoarthritis joint pain (knee)
**Form verdict:** look for a disclosed AKBA % or a named clinical extract (5-Loxin, Aflapin/AprèsFlex, BOS-10) — the raw mg total alone can't confirm a trial-grade product since commercial AKBA content ranges from 3.83% down to 0.03%
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boswellia/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boswellia/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boswellia/akba-vs-boswellic-acid/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boswellia/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boswellia/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/boswellia/for-osteoarthritis/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double Wood Boswellia Serrata 1000 mg, 65% Boswellic Acid (240 Caps) | Double Wood | 1000 mg extract / 1 capsule | 240 | $19.95 | $0.08 | None | B09H8MR1ZM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlyle Boswellia 1200 mg with Black Pepper (250 Caps) | Carlyle | 1200 mg extract / 1 capsule | 250 | $19.99 | $0.08 | None | B0C6N3K4TB | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Boswellia Serrata Extract 500 mg (200 Softgels) | NOW Foods | 500 mg extract / 1 softgel | 200 | $35.97 | $0.18 | None | B07KGJHZTX | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Himalaya Boswellia 250 mg (120 Caps) | Himalaya | 250 mg extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $27.49 | $0.23 | None | B086VQMP3Y | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Boswellia Standardized Extract 307 mg (60 Tablets) | Nature's Way | 307 mg extract / 1 tablet | 60 | $14.99 | $0.25 | None | B00DKEUZKS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension 5-LOX Inhibitor with AprèsFlex (60 Veg Caps) | Life Extension | 100 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $16.50 | $0.28 | None | B006N3NXYS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Boswellia (Ayurvedic Herbs) 300 mg (60 Caps) | Solaray | 300 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $17.50 | $0.29 | None | B000I4ABF2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Boswellia Extra Strength 450 mg (+ Devil's Claw) (60 Caps) | Solaray | 450 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.54 | $0.33 | None | B000QUL4H2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Boswellia with 5-LOXIN (60 Veg Caps) | Swanson | 125 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $22.97 | $0.37 | None | B00A8FCFEQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Boswellia AKBA with 5-LOXIN (60 Capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 100 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $34.00 | $0.57 | None | B0016LNJNM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Terry Naturally BosMed 500 Extra Strength (120 Softgels) | Terry Naturally | 500 mg extract / 1 softgel | 120 | $71.16 | $0.59 | None | B08CL438X5 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Gaia Herbs PRO Boswellia Joint Formula (60 Vegan Caps) | Gaia Herbs | 320 mg extract / 2 capsules | 30 | $45.00 | $1.50 | None | B0GRK3VZTT | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Terry Naturally Curamin Extra Strength (BosPure + BCM-95) (60 Tablets) | Terry Naturally | 0 mg extract / 3 tablets | 20 | $43.96 | $2.20 | None | B00BE6FD0Q | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Branched Chain Amino Acids

**Clinical dose:** 5-10 g/day, typically split ~5 g pre/post-workout; standard 2:1:1 ratio delivers ~2.5 g leucine per 5 g dose, at the 2-3 g 'leucine trigger' threshold; no formal upper limit, trials span 5-20 g/day
**Use cases:** muscle protein synthesis / exercise recovery, muscle soreness (mixed evidence for a standalone supplement)
**Form verdict:** standard 2:1:1 ratio hits the leucine trigger at a 5g dose, but whole protein (whey, meat, eggs) already delivers BCAAs past that threshold for anyone eating adequate total protein
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/branched-chain-amino-acids/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/branched-chain-amino-acids/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/branched-chain-amino-acids/bcaa-vs-whole-protein/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/branched-chain-amino-acids/best-for-muscle-soreness/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/branched-chain-amino-acids/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/branched-chain-amino-acids/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements BCAA 2:1:1 Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 1000 g BCAA / 1 scoop (1 g) | 500 | $24.97 | $0.05 | None stated | B00E7GV6H4 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost BCAA 1000 mg Capsules (500 ct) | Nutricost | 1000 mg BCAA / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 250 | $21.95 | $0.09 | None stated | B01E9MTWGM | budget-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimum Nutrition Mega-Size BCAA 1000 Caps (400 ct) | Optimum Nutrition | 1000 mg BCAA / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 200 | $38.49 | $0.19 | None stated | B0057Y50AO | reputable-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimum Nutrition Instantized BCAA Powder (5,000 mg/serving, Unflavored) | Optimum Nutrition | 5000 g BCAA / 1 scoop (5,000 mg) | 60 | $39.99 | $0.67 | None stated | B002DYIZIU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| XTEND Original BCAA Powder, Watermelon Explosion (7,000 mg/serving) | XTEND | 7000 g BCAA / 1 scoop (7,000 mg) | 30 | $24.74 | $0.82 | None stated | B005CH0DT4 | flavored-electrolyte | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Bromelain

**Clinical dose:** 800-1,000 mg/day used in osteoarthritis/post-surgical trials; ~3,000 FIP/day used in a small uncontrolled sinusitis pilot; no RDA/UL — potency is measured in GDU/MCU/FIP activity units, not mg, and these don't convert reliably across brands
**Use cases:** post-surgical swelling (dental extraction evidence), osteoarthritis (contested — primary endpoint missed in the key trial), chronic rhinosinusitis (weak, uncontrolled pilot), digestive enzyme use
**Form verdict:** check disclosed activity units (GDU/MCU/FIP), not just mg — two 500mg capsules tracked on the site carry 1,200 GDU and 3,000 GDU respectively, a 2.5x potency spread at the same label weight
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/bromelain/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/bromelain/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/bromelain/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/bromelain/does-bromelain-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/bromelain/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/bromelain/for-post-surgical-swelling/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Bromelain 500mg | Nutricost | 500 mg bromelain / 1 veg capsule | 120 | $16.95 | $0.14 | None claimed | B07TK4ZTLP | cheapest-per-serving | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Quercetin Bromelain | Doctor's Best | 250 mg bromelain (combo) / 1 veg capsule | 180 | $29.99 | $0.17 | None claimed | B000NRYTPM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Bromelain | NOW Foods | 500 mg bromelain / 1 veg capsule | 120 | $25.12 | $0.21 | None claimed | B000I2028A | best-value-per-gdu | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Specially-Coated Bromelain | Life Extension | 500 mg bromelain / 1 enteric-coated tablet | 60 | $15.75 | $0.26 | None claimed | B0018EB2KO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best 3000 GDU Bromelain | Doctor's Best | 500 mg bromelain / 1 capsule | 90 | $27.99 | $0.31 | None claimed | B002SDZXIG | highest-potency | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Bromelain 2400 | Pure Encapsulations | 500 mg bromelain / 1 capsule | 60 | $40.00 | $0.67 | None claimed | B0064R8XC0 | premium | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Calcium Citrate

**Clinical dose:** no established clinical dose — see page
**Use cases:** bone health / osteoporosis prevention, especially in postmenopausal women (inferred from the page's linked in-depth guides: 'Calcium for Bones & Osteoporosis', 'Calcium for Women Over 50')
**Form verdict:** calcium citrate absorbs without needing stomach acid, unlike calcium carbonate
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/calcium-citrate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citracal Maximum Plus Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D3 | Citracal (Bayer) | 650 mg / 2 caplets | 90 | $14.96 | $0.17 | None | B001LRPUMY | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D3 | Solgar | 1000 mg / 4 tablets | 60 | $20.85 | $0.18 | None | B00013YZ2U | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Calcium Citrate with Minerals & Vitamin D | NOW Foods | 600 mg / 2 tablets | 125 | $25.72 | $0.21 | None | B0013OQJ66 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Citracal Petites Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D3 | Citracal (Bayer) | 400 mg / 2 caplets | 100 | $10.92 | $0.22 | None | B0043ZLTT4 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Carnosine

**Clinical dose:** 500-1,000 mg/day is the typical retail range (human trials in this evidence base used 500mg-2g/day); for muscle carnosine loading specifically, beta-alanine 3.2-6.4 g/day is the effective route instead — oral carnosine itself is largely broken down before reaching muscle
**Use cases:** blood sugar / type 2 diabetes support (mixed: one positive trial, one null trial), pediatric diabetic nephropathy (add-on therapy); NOT an effective route to raising muscle carnosine
**Form verdict:** oral L-carnosine is substantially hydrolyzed by serum carnosinase into beta-alanine and histidine before it can meaningfully load muscle tissue; if the goal is muscle carnosine, beta-alanine (not carnosine, at any dose) is the evidenced route
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/carnosine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/carnosine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/carnosine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/carnosine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/carnosine/for-blood-sugar/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/carnosine/vs-beta-alanine/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements L-Carnosine Powder | BulkSupplements | 500 mg L-carnosine / 1 scoop (~0.5 g) | 100 | $20.97 | $0.21 | Third-party tested (brand claim); no capsule fillers | B00H2KJO9O | cheapest-overall | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Carnosine 500 mg | Nutricost | 500 mg L-carnosine / 1 capsule | 120 | $34.95 | $0.29 | Gluten-free, non-GMO (brand claim); no third-party COA disclosed | B07XSHFN58 | best-value-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods L-Carnosine 500 mg | NOW Foods | 500 mg L-carnosine / 1 veg capsule | 50 | $18.27 | $0.37 | cGMP; widely recognized brand | B0013OUNSQ | best-known-brand | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Ultra L-Carnosine 500 mg | Swanson | 500 mg L-carnosine / 1 capsule | 60 | $22.89 | $0.38 | cGMP | B07F91394Y | mainstream-alt | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Carnosine 500 mg | Life Extension | 500 mg L-carnosine / 1 veg capsule | 60 | $25.50 | $0.43 | Reputable QC-focused brand; single-ingredient formula | B015QH35SU | clean-label | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Super Carnosine 500 mg | Life Extension | 500 mg L-carnosine (+ 50 mg benfotiamine + 4 mg luteolin, combo) / 1 veg capsule | 60 | $30.00 | $0.50 | Combo product: 500 mg L-carnosine + 50 mg benfotiamine + 4 mg luteolin — NOT a pure carnosine product | B01MU8BBHK | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Choline

**Clinical dose:** NIH Adequate Intake: 425 mg/day (nonpregnant women), 550 mg/day (men), 450 mg/day (pregnancy), 550 mg/day (lactation); Upper Limit 3,500 mg/day for adults including pregnancy/lactation
**Use cases:** general nutrient adequacy (most Americans fall short of the AI); pregnancy / fetal brain development (open dosing question between AI and trial dose)
**Form verdict:** most retail choline is choline bitartrate (a salt) — only about 41% of the labeled bitartrate weight is actual elemental choline, so 1,000mg of choline bitartrate delivers roughly 410mg elemental choline, not 1,000mg
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/choline/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/choline/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/choline/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/choline/do-you-need-a-supplement/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/choline/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/choline/for-pregnancy/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Choline Bitartrate 650mg | Nutricost | 650 mg choline bitartrate / 1 capsule (650mg choline bitartrate) | 240 | $16.95 | $0.07 | None stated | B094XMC514 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Choline & Inositol 500mg | NOW Foods | 630 mg choline bitartrate / 1 capsule (630mg choline bitartrate + 250mg inositol) | 100 | $9.79 | $0.10 | None stated | B0013OVYDY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Phosphatidylcholine 1200mg | Double Wood | 1200 mg phosphatidylcholine / 1 softgel (1200mg phosphatidylcholine) | 210 | $19.95 | $0.10 | None stated | B07PFYH2PQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Choline 350mg | Solgar | 350 mg choline / 1 capsule (350mg choline) | 100 | $12.74 | $0.13 | None stated | B000URVCRI | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Chondroitin

**Clinical dose:** 800-1,200 mg/day, as one dose or split (e.g. 400 mg three times a day); often combined with glucosamine 500 mg three times a day; slow-acting, trials measured outcomes at 6 months
**Use cases:** osteoarthritis (guidelines back it conditionally only for hand OA; knee/hip evidence is contested)
**Form verdict:** evidence is genuinely contested (a strong pharma-grade trial matched celecoxib, but the large GAIT trial was mostly null, and guidelines back it only for hand OA); many cheap over-the-counter products deliver far less than the labeled amount (up to ~69% less in one US study), so favor third-party-tested or pharmaceutical-grade products
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/chondroitin/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chondroitin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chondroitin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chondroitin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chondroitin/for-osteoarthritis/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor's Best Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM | Doctor's Best | 1500 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $19.99 | $0.33 | None | B000NRYU4W | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Supplements Glucosamine & Chondroitin | NOW Foods | 1500 mg / 2 capsules | 59 | $27.69 | $0.47 | None | B0013OSMRK | — | 2026-07-26 |

---

## Chromium

**Clinical dose:** ~35 mcg/day adequate intake for adult men (~25 mcg/day for women) — no RDA, no Tolerable Upper Intake Level; glucose-control trials used 200-1,000 mcg/day, but there is no evidence a higher dose within that range works better
**Use cases:** blood sugar / glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (modest, inconsistent trial evidence)
**Form verdict:** form doesn't change the dose math — picolinate, GTF, and chelate all absorb about 1%; a bigger mcg number is not a bigger benefit, and rare kidney-injury case reports exist at very high, long-term chromium picolinate doses
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chromium/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chromium/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chromium/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chromium/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chromium/for-blood-sugar/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/chromium/forms-and-absorption/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Chromium (Picolinate) 1000 mcg (240 Tablets) | Nutricost | 1000 mcg chromium / 1 tablet | 240 | $9.99 | $0.04 | None | B09NQJSZXR | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Chromium GTF Powder (Polynicotinate) 25 g | BulkSupplements | 200 mcg chromium / ~1.25 mg scoop | 500 | $18.97 | $0.04 | None | B0C75L56J3 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Chromium Picolinate 200 mcg (250 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 200 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 250 | $11.62 | $0.05 | None | B0019LPNLK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray GTF Chromium 200 mcg (200 VegCaps) | Solaray | 200 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 200 | $13.59 | $0.07 | None | B000TMFTOQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Chromium Picolinate 200 mcg (180 Veg Capsules) | Solgar | 200 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 180 | $19.66 | $0.11 | None | B00020IC4Y | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Chromium Picolinate 800 mcg (50 Tablets) | Nature's Bounty | 800 mcg chromium / 1 tablet | 50 | $5.64 | $0.12 | None | B000NKI0V8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Bluebonnet Chelated Chromium (Albion) 200 mcg (90 Caps) | Bluebonnet | 200 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 90 | $11.96 | $0.13 | None | B000POWLX0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Bluebonnet Chromium Picolinate 500 mcg (100 Caps) | Bluebonnet | 500 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 100 | $22.36 | $0.22 | None | B00028OH54 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Micro Ingredients Berberine with Ceylon Cinnamon + Chromium (240 Veg Caps) | Micro Ingredients | 200 mcg chromium / 3 capsules | 80 | $21.56 | $0.27 | None | B0DW192P2Z | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Chromium Picolinate 500 mcg (60 Capsules) | Thorne | 500 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 60 | $20.00 | $0.33 | Third-party certified | B000FGXNXA | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Chromium (Picolinate) 500 mcg (60 Capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 500 mcg chromium / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.50 | $0.33 | None | B00172YQHI | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Citicoline

**Clinical dose:** 250-500 mg/day for cognition trials (McGlade 2019: 250 or 500mg/day for 28 days in adolescent males; Nakazaki 2021: 500mg/day for 12 weeks in older adults); the ICTUS stroke trial used up to 2,000 mg/day oral (after IV loading) but found no significant recovery benefit — no RDA, AI, or upper limit exists
**Use cases:** focus, attention, and memory in healthy/near-healthy adults (modest evidence from two small industry-funded trials); acute ischemic stroke recovery (the largest, most rigorous trial found no significant benefit)
**Form verdict:** Cognizin-branded citicoline is what the cognition trials used (both Kyowa Hakko-funded); a standard 250mg retail capsule does not replicate the much higher stroke-trial (ICTUS) dosing, and that stroke trial itself was null for its primary outcome
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citicoline/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citicoline/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citicoline/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citicoline/does-citicoline-work-focus-memory-alpha-gpc/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citicoline/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citicoline/for-focus-attention-memory/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost CDP-Choline (Citicoline) 300 mg | Nutricost | 300 mg citicoline / 1 capsule | 60 | $16.95 | $0.28 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B07HPB3ZYR | cheapest-generic | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Supplements CDP Choline (Citicoline) 300 mg | Double Wood | 300 mg citicoline / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.95 | $0.33 | Brand states “pharmaceutical grade” and third-party-tested on label — not independently verified this session (no live COA check) | B01A3BED8U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Citicoline CDP 250 mg | Jarrow Formulas | 250 mg citicoline / 1 capsule | 120 | $44.94 | $0.37 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B004JO4EFU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Citicoline (Cognizin) 500 mg | Life Extension | 500 mg citicoline / 1 capsule | 60 | $25.50 | $0.43 | Cognizin® branded raw material (Kyowa Hakko) — no independent COA check this session | B000PC30Z0 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Healthy Origins Cognizin (Citicoline) 250 mg | Healthy Origins | 250 mg citicoline / 1 capsule | 30 | $13.99 | $0.47 | Cognizin® branded raw material (Kyowa Hakko) — no independent COA check this session | B005P0SOL2 | cheapest-cognizin-sticker | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Cognizin Citicoline 1000 mg (2×500 mg) | Nutricost | 1000 mg citicoline / 2 capsules | 30 | $33.50 | $1.12 | Cognizin® branded raw material (Kyowa Hakko) — no independent COA check this session | B0GZ8DX9G8 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Citrus Bergamot

**Clinical dose:** 500-1,000 mg/day of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) covers most positive trials; the full range across the evidence base is 400-1,300 mg/day; a 500mg/day dose produced no effect in one independent trial; no government RDA or upper limit exists
**Use cases:** cholesterol / lipid profile support (positive as a statin adjunct and in several standalone trials; one trial found no effect in a specific population)
**Form verdict:** standardization matters more than the raw mg number — branded extracts (BPF, Bergavit, Brumex, BPE-C) use different extraction/standardization methods and aren't directly interchangeable milligram-for-milligram; an unstandardized 500-600mg product is a real caution since that dose failed in one trial
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/does-it-actually-lower-cholesterol/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/for-cholesterol/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/citrus-bergamot/how-long-to-work/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tnvitamins Citrus Bergamot 2000mg | tnvitamins | 2000 mg bergamot extract / 1 capsule | 180 | $15.99 | $0.09 | None claimed | B0DD5G3P53 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NusaPure Citrus Bergamot 600mg | NusaPure | 600 mg bergamot extract / 1 capsule | 200 | $24.99 | $0.12 | None claimed | B0CSDWP4CT | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Secret Element Citrus Bergamot Extract 1000mg | Secret Element | 1000 mg bergamot extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $23.97 | $0.20 | None claimed | B0BT6LQTG6 | — | 2026-07-26 |
| Nutricost Citrus Bergamot 1200mg (2x600mg Capsules) | Nutricost | 1200 mg bergamot extract / 2 capsules | 60 | $14.95 | $0.25 | None claimed | B0CCT1381Z | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Citrus Bergamot 150:1 Extract, 70% Polyphenols, Italian Sourced (1200mg) | Citrus Bergamot 150:1 | 1200 mg BPF extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $21.95 | $0.37 | None claimed | B0CLBQDM8K | best-standardization | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Citrus Bergamot 1000mg (Bergamonte Standardization, NSF Certified) | Double Wood | 1000 mg bergamot extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $24.95 | $0.42 | NSF Certified | B07GCRHYM9 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Cla

**Clinical dose:** 3.2 g/day active CLA (meta-analysis median dose)
**Use cases:** fat loss / weight management
**Form verdict:** most retail CLA is a ~50:50 isomer blend; the blend alone has not been shown to clear the metabolic-risk (glucose/insulin) signal seen with the isolated t10,c12 isomer
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cla/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cla/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cla/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cla/does-cla-actually-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cla/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cla/for-fat-loss/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements.com CLA Softgels 1000mg | BulkSupplements.com | 2000 mg CLA / 2 softgels | 150 | $23.97 | $0.16 | None stated | B00HAS5BUY | cheapest-per-gram | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost CLA 800mg | Nutricost | 2400 mg CLA / 3 softgels | 80 | $16.95 | $0.21 | None stated | B01IFF5114 | cheapest-per-day | 2026-08-01 |
| Zazzee High Potency CLA 3600 | Zazzee | 3600 mg CLA / 3 softgels | 60 | $19.97 | $0.33 | None stated | B01JZN8BZ8 | best-overall | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research CLA 1250mg (Tonalin) | Sports Research | 3750 mg CLA / 3 softgels (1 softgel 3x daily) | 60 | $26.95 | $0.45 | None stated | B01F2OG8B8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| The Vitamin Shoppe Tonalin CLA 1000mg | The Vitamin Shoppe | 3000 mg CLA / 3 softgels (1 softgel 3x daily) | 60 | $34.97 | $0.58 | None stated | B071R8CMTF | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Cod Liver Oil

**Clinical dose:** no general wellness dose; the one clinical-trial dose is 2200mg/day of n-3 fatty acids (from 10g/day cod liver oil), used in a rheumatoid-arthritis trial — dosing is really constrained by vitamin A intake, not an omega-3 target
**Use cases:** omega-3 supplementation; rheumatoid arthritis (NSAID-sparing adjunct)
**Form verdict:** only buy a product that discloses its vitamin A content as a specific number; vague label claims can't be checked against the adult vitamin A upper limit
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cod-liver-oil/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cod-liver-oil/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cod-liver-oil/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cod-liver-oil/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cod-liver-oil/for-joint-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cod-liver-oil/vs-fish-oil-vs-vitamin-d/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Cod Liver Oil, 650mg, 250 Softgels | NOW Foods | 650 mg cod liver oil (softgel size) / 1 softgel | 250 | $13.46 | $0.05 | None claimed | B00028M1K2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Cod Liver Oil Extra Strength, 1,000mg, 180 Softgels | NOW Foods | 1000 mg cod liver oil (softgel size) / 1 softgel | 180 | $18.36 | $0.10 | None claimed | B00GIZVFVO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nordic Naturals Arctic Cod Liver Oil, Lemon, 180 Softgels | Nordic Naturals | 750 mg total omega-3 (EPA+DHA) / 2 softgels | 90 | $42.46 | $0.47 | None claimed | B002CQU59Q | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlson Norwegian Cod Liver Oil, Lemon, 500mL | Carlson | 1100 mg total omega-3 (EPA+DHA) / 1 tsp (5mL) | 100 | $61.20 | $0.61 | None claimed | B003B3P4PO | bulk-value-disclosed | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlson Norwegian Cod Liver Oil, Lemon, 250mL | Carlson | 1100 mg total omega-3 (EPA+DHA) / 1 tsp (5mL) | 50 | $33.07 | $0.66 | None claimed | B00014D08Y | disclosed-transparency-leader | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Collagen

**Clinical dose:** hydrolyzed collagen peptides at 2.5-15 g/day for skin, bone, and muscle; undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) at just 40 mg/day for joints — a different, immune-tolerance mechanism, not interchangeable with the gram-scale peptide dose
**Use cases:** skin elasticity/hydration; joint/osteoarthritis; bone density (postmenopausal); muscle/body composition (with resistance training) — dose and type both depend on the goal
**Form verdict:** match type to goal before dose: Type I/III hydrolyzed peptides for skin/bone/muscle, undenatured UC-II for joints; skin evidence is real but modest and heavily industry-funded, hair claims are weak
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/collagen/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/for-skin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/collagen/how-long-to-work/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sports Research Collagen Peptides (Unflavored) | Sports Research | 11 g collagen / 1 scoop (11g) | 41 | $32.95 | $0.80 | Informed Sport, Non-GMO Verified | B00XQ2XGAA | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Garden of Life Grass Fed Collagen Beauty (Cranberry Pomegranate) | Garden of Life | 12 g collagen / 1 scoop (14g) | 20 | $25.89 | $1.29 | Non-GMO Verified | B07K4YDW8G | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides (Unflavored) | Vital Proteins | 20 g collagen / 2 scoops (20g) | 28 | $42.99 | $1.53 | NSF Certified for Sport | B00K6JUG4K | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Colostrum

**Clinical dose:** no established optimal dose; labels suggest 1-3 g/day but the human trials that showed effects used tens of grams per day (a gut-permeability study gave 60 g/day) — what matters more than powder grams is how much IgG the product actually discloses
**Use cases:** gut permeability / NSAID-induced gut damage; exercise recovery — benefits are largely unproven for beauty or general immunity
**Form verdict:** judge by disclosed IgG percentage, not milligrams of powder or sourcing story; three tracked brands (including ARMRA) do not disclose IgG at all, making their cost per active dose uncomputable
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/armra-vs-cowboy-colostrum/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/colostrum/how-long-to-work/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Colostrum 500 mg (120 capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg colostrum / 1 capsule | 120 | $19.40 | $0.16 | GMP | B0013OQJNY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Colostrum 1000 mg — 15% IgG (60 servings) | Nutricost | 1000 mg colostrum / 2 capsules | 60 | $15.95 | $0.27 | ISO batch-tested | B01N79JO6Q | best-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Colostrum Powder — 30% IgG (76 servings) | Nutricost | 3000 mg colostrum / 1 scoop (3 g) | 76 | $39.95 | $0.53 | ISO batch-tested | B09WJPFVVP | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Vitamatic Bovine Colostrum Powder — 50% IgG (60 servings) | Vitamatic | 2000 mg colostrum / 1 scoop (2 g) | 60 | $39.99 | $0.67 | None stated | B0CQCZCLDC | best-concentration | 2026-08-01 |
| Vital Proteins Bovine Colostrum — 40% IgG (30 servings) | Vital Proteins | 1350 mg colostrum / 3 capsules | 30 | $37.50 | $1.25 | None stated | B0DK41X3DY | best-mainstream | 2026-08-01 |
| ARMRA Colostrum — Unflavored (30 servings) | ARMRA | 1000 mg colostrum / 1/2 tsp | 30 | $39.99 | $1.33 | Contaminant-tested | B0912HQ7PD | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Cowboy Colostrum — 1st Milking, Vanilla (40 servings) | Cowboy | 3000 mg colostrum / 1 scoop (3 g) | 40 | $69.00 | $1.73 | Batch-tested | B0D47VZ8GH | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Copper

**Clinical dose:** 900mcg (0.9mg)/day adult RDA (1,000mcg pregnancy, 1,300mcg lactation)
**Use cases:** general mineral adequacy; offsetting long-term high-dose zinc supplementation
**Form verdict:** most people don't need a standalone copper supplement — average US dietary intake from food alone already exceeds the RDA for both men and women
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/copper/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/copper/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/copper/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/copper/does-copper-reverse-gray-hair/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/copper/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/copper/for-zinc-supplement-users/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bronson Copper Glycinate 3mg | Bronson | 3 mg elemental copper / 1 tablet | 180 | $9.99 | $0.06 | None stated | B0DN6YZXB9 | bulk-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Copper Glycinate 3mg | NOW Foods | 3 mg elemental copper / 1 tablet | 120 | $7.90 | $0.07 | cGMP | B0BKGYNCZF | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Chelated Copper 2mg | Solgar | 2 mg elemental copper / 1 tablet | 100 | $7.72 | $0.08 | None stated | B00H4HH10E | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Dr. Mercola Copper Bisglycinate 2mg | Dr. Mercola | 2 mg elemental copper / 1 mini-tablet | 180 | $19.97 | $0.11 | None stated | B0CPJSVZFY | premium-alt | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Copper Glycinate 2mg | Pure Encapsulations | 2 mg elemental copper / 1 capsule | 60 | $13.00 | $0.22 | NSF-audited GMP, hypoallergenic | B000H7Y6J2 | clean-label | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Copper Bisglycinate 2mg | Thorne | 2 mg elemental copper / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.00 | $0.32 | TRAACS-chelate (Thorne-stated); no independent COA verified for this build | B00HA044NM | trusted-brand | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Coq10

**Clinical dose:** 100-200 mg/day general maintenance; 300 mg/day (100 mg x3) used in the strongest-evidence trials for heart failure and migraine prevention
**Use cases:** general/antioxidant maintenance; heart failure and migraine prevention (strongest evidence); statin-associated muscle symptoms (mixed evidence); fertility (surrogate markers only)
**Form verdict:** ubiquinol absorbs ~1.5-2x better than ubiquinone at the same mg, but the body interconverts the two forms and no outcome trial shows ubiquinol works better on any real endpoint
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/coq10/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/for-statins/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/qunol-vs-doctors-best/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/side-effects/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/coq10/ubiquinol-vs-ubiquinone/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor's Best High Absorption CoQ10 200mg with BioPerine | Doctor's Best | 200 mg / 1 veggie capsule | 60 | $19.97 | $0.34 | None | B0035C5XVQ | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Qunol Ultra CoQ10 100mg (Water & Fat Soluble) | Qunol | 100 mg / 1 softgel | 120 | $29.97 | $0.49 | None | B0055OUOQQ | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Ubiquinol 200mg Extra Strength | NOW Foods | 200 mg / 1 softgel | 60 | $49.02 | $0.82 | None | B003PWKVKE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas QH-Absorb Ubiquinol 100mg | Jarrow Formulas | 100 mg / 1 softgel | 120 | $58.94 | $0.99 | None | B004VCOOUU | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Super Ubiquinol CoQ10 with Enhanced Mitochondrial Support 100mg | Life Extension | 100 mg / 1 softgel | 60 | $30.38 | $1.01 | None | B00H4HT0EE | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Cordyceps

**Clinical dose:** Cs-4 ~1-3 g/day (exercise trials); C. militaris blends ~4 g/day — no consensus dose across products
**Use cases:** energy, exercise performance, endurance
**Form verdict:** form (fruiting body vs mycelium-on-grain) matters more than milligrams — only 2 of 11 tracked products disclose a beta-glucan %, the actual active
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cordyceps/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cordyceps/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cordyceps/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cordyceps/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cordyceps/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cordyceps/fruiting-body-vs-mycelium/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Terrasoul Superfoods Organic Cordyceps 4:1 Extract Powder (5.5 oz) | Terrasoul Superfoods | 1000 mg cordyceps extract / ~1 g scoop | 150 | $14.99 | $0.10 | USDA Organic | B0DLLKH6LG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Cordyceps 750 mg, Cordyceps sinensis (90 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 750 mg cordyceps mycelium / 1 capsule (750 mg) | 90 | $13.07 | $0.15 | cGMP (NPA) | B0045X9VQC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Cordyceps 600 mg, Cultured Mycelia (120 Capsules) | Swanson | 600 mg cordyceps mycelium / 1 capsule (600 mg) | 120 | $19.39 | $0.16 | cGMP | B001PMKU8Y | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Cordyceps Sinensis Extract 1000 mg (210 Capsules) | Double Wood | 1000 mg cordyceps extract / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 105 | $19.95 | $0.19 | Third-party tested | B0889ZS9ST | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Cordyceps 1100 mg (90 Capsules) | Nutricost | 1100 mg cordyceps / 2 capsules (1,100 mg) | 45 | $14.95 | $0.33 | CCOF made-with-organic | B08JH8MNCH | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nootropics Depot Cordyceps 10:1 Whole Fruiting Body Extract 250 mg (60 Capsules) | Nootropics Depot | 250 mg cordyceps fruiting body (10:1) / 1 capsule (250 mg 10:1) | 60 | $26.99 | $0.45 | Third-party COA | B079ZCR55K | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Real Mushrooms Cordyceps-M Fruiting Body Extract (120 Capsules) | Real Mushrooms | 1000 mg cordyceps fruiting body / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $34.95 | $0.58 | Third-party beta-glucan verified (COA) | B0793FB3LQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| FreshCap Organic Cordyceps 10:1 Fruiting Body Extract (120 Capsules) | FreshCap | 1000 mg cordyceps fruiting body / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $35.99 | $0.60 | Third-party tested; CCOF Organic | B081DBVLVQ | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Longevity Botanicals Organic Cordyceps Militaris Fruiting Body (120 Capsules) | Longevity Botanicals | 900 mg cordyceps fruiting body / 3 capsules (900 mg) | 40 | $29.99 | $0.75 | Organic; third-party | B07QYB68MZ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Om Mushroom Superfood Cordyceps (90 Capsules) | Om Mushrooms | 2000 mg cordyceps mycelium + oats / 3 capsules (2,000 mg) | 30 | $22.82 | $0.76 | USDA Organic; third-party (purity) | B07MCJP77T | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Host Defense Cordyceps, Myceliated Brown Rice (60 Capsules) | Host Defense | 1000 mg cordyceps mycelium + rice / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 30 | $25.46 | $0.85 | USDA Organic (not potency-tested) | B003FIGZV2 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Cranberry

**Clinical dose:** ~36 mg of A-type proanthocyanidin (PAC) per day, measured by the BL-DMAC method; trials at or above this threshold reduced UTI risk while trials below it did not
**Use cases:** recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) prevention — not treatment of an active infection
**Form verdict:** look for a disclosed A-type PAC figure (by BL-DMAC) on the label; most brands print an 'equivalent' weight, Pacran, or concentrate figure instead, which cannot be used to verify the actual PAC dose
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cranberry/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cranberry/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cranberry/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cranberry/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cranberry/for-uti-prevention/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/cranberry/pac-label-trap/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature's Bounty Cranberry with Vitamin C (250 Softgels) | Nature's Bounty | 420 mg / 1 softgel | 250 | $13.78 | $0.06 | None | B002Y27JRE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| AZO Cranberry Pro 600 mg Pacran (100 Softgels) | AZO | 600 mg Pacran / 1 softgel/day | 100 | $14.49 | $0.14 | None | B0C64HD5ZM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Cranberry Concentrate (200 Capsules) | NOW Foods | 700 mg / 1 capsule | 200 | $29.38 | $0.15 | None | B00KTEMNWK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Micro Ingredients D-Mannose 1,300 mg with Cranberry + Probiotics (240 Veg Capsules) | Micro Ingredients | 1300 mg D-mannose / 1 serving | 120 | $23.95 | $0.20 | None | B0DLLMC7DS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| AZO Cranberry 500 mg Pacran (50 servings) | AZO | 500 mg / 2 softgels | 50 | $10.97 | $0.22 | None | B004RR1FF6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray CranActin Cranberry Extract 400 mg (120 VegCaps) | Solaray | 400 mg / 1 vegcap/day | 120 | $25.99 | $0.22 | None | B00020I1XG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Cranberry 500 mg with Vitamin C (60 Capsules) | Nature Made | 500 mg / 1 capsule/day | 60 | $18.74 | $0.31 | None | B0CTNWQ3BZ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| AZO Cranberry Urinary Tract Health Gummies (72 Gummies) | AZO | 500 mg / 2 gummies | 36 | $12.49 | $0.35 | None | B00U10LW74 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Mannose Cranberry (120 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 250 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $20.95 | $0.35 | None | B0C3KYTHST | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Theralogix TheraCran One (90 Capsules) | Theralogix | 36 mg PAC / 1 capsule/day | 90 | $95.35 | $1.06 | NSF Certified | B06WGSJG33 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Utiva Cranberry PACs 36 mg (90 Capsules) | Utiva | 36 mg PAC / 1 capsule/day | 90 | $109.99 | $1.22 | None | B07PQYS14V | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Theralogix TheraCran Max — Cranberry + D-Mannose (90-Day Supply) | Theralogix | 36 mg PAC / 2 capsules/day | 90 | $121.36 | $1.35 | NSF Certified | B0DT7M6YTH | — | 2026-08-01 |
| ellura 36 mg PAC Cranberry (90 Capsules) | ellura | 36 mg PAC / 1 capsule/day | 90 | $129.99 | $1.44 | None | B0F5YY3WG2 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Creatine

**Clinical dose:** 3-5 g/day creatine monohydrate, every day including rest days
**Use cases:** athletic performance / muscle building (resistance training)
**Form verdict:** plain monohydrate is the only form with deep evidence behind it; fancier forms (e.g. HCl) cost more without a demonstrated benefit
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/creatine/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/best-for-muscle-building/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/best-for-women/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/for-brain/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/forms-compared/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/gummies/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/monohydrate-vs-hcl/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/creatine/thorne-vs-optimum-nutrition/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Sports Creatine Monohydrate Powder (600g) | NOW Foods | 5 g / 1 rounded tsp (5g) | 120 | $22.94 | $0.20 | NPA GMP Certified | B0013OUOBM | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Micronized Creatine Monohydrate (500g) | BulkSupplements.com | 5 g / 1 scoop (5g) | 100 | $20.97 | $0.21 | cGMP Facility, Third-Party Tested | B00E9M4XFI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimum Nutrition Micronized Creatine Monohydrate (60 servings) | Optimum Nutrition | 5 g / 1 scoop (5g) | 60 | $14.68 | $0.25 | Banned Substance Tested | B002DYIZEE | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Momentous Creatine Monohydrate (Creapure, 90 servings) | Momentous | 5 g / 1 scoop (5g) | 90 | $42.99 | $0.47 | NSF Certified for Sport, Informed Sport | B085Z9P87K | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Creatine (Creapure, 90 servings) | Thorne | 5 g / 1 scoop (5g) | 90 | $44.00 | $0.49 | NSF Certified for Sport | B07978VPPH | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Transparent Labs Creatine HMB (30 servings) | Transparent Labs | 5 g / 1 scoop (12.7g) | 30 | $49.99 | $1.67 | Informed Choice Certified | B078JZQ5QL | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Curcumin

**Clinical dose:** form-dependent, since plain curcumin is barely absorbed: standardized 95% curcuminoid extract ~1,500-2,000 mg/day (with piperine or a fatty meal), phytosome (Meriva) 500-1,000 mg/day, or nanoparticle (Theracurmin) just 150-210 mg/day
**Use cases:** knee osteoarthritis (best evidence); inflammation (CRP), lipids, ulcerative colitis adjunct (moderate evidence); depression (preliminary); cognition/cancer (not supported by human outcome data)
**Form verdict:** form matters more than milligrams — plain turmeric/curcumin is poorly absorbed; higher-absorption forms (piperine, phytosome, nanoparticle) are disproportionately represented in the rare but real liver-injury reports
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/curcumin/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/bioavailability/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/for-joint-pain/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/curcumin/side-effects/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Made Turmeric Curcumin 500mg | Nature Made | 500 mg / 1 capsule | 120 | $13.79 | $0.11 | USP Verified | B074QHCL9Z | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Supplements CurcuBrain 400mg Longvida | NOW Foods | 400 mg / 1 capsule | 50 | $18.36 | $0.37 | None | B00K31PXSU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Meriva Curcumin Phytosome by Thorne | Thorne | 500 mg / 2 capsules | 30 | $36.00 | $1.20 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0797FSF89 | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## D Mannose

**Clinical dose:** 2 grams per day, dissolved as powder in ~200 mL water, once daily — the identical dose used in the two controlled prevention trials (Kranjcec 2014 and MERIT 2024)
**Use cases:** recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) prevention — not treatment of an active infection
**Form verdict:** no RDA or upper limit exists (not an essential nutrient); most capsules are 500 mg, so 4 capsules are needed to actually reach the trial dose — a common under-dosing mistake
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/d-mannose/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/d-mannose/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/d-mannose/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/d-mannose/does-it-work-merit-trial/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/d-mannose/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/d-mannose/for-recurrent-utis/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods D-Mannose 500 mg (120 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg / 1 capsule | 120 | $16.76 | $0.14 | None | B000JN4CR0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost D-Mannose Powder (100 g / 50 Servings) | Nutricost | 2000 mg / 1 scoop (2 g)/day | 50 | $14.95 | $0.30 | None | B077SN86N9 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods D-Mannose Powder, Non-GMO (6 oz / ~85 Servings) | NOW Foods | 2000 mg / 1 scoop (~2 g)/day | 85 | $27.98 | $0.33 | None | B00JWKDF6A | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray D-Mannose with CranActin (60 VegCaps) | Solaray | 1000 mg / 2 capsules/day | 30 | $28.79 | $0.96 | None | B0040DN7VM | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Digestive Enzymes

**Clinical dose:** no single dose across this category — lactase is dosed in FCC/ALU units taken with the first bite of dairy; alpha-galactosidase was tested at 300 and 1200 GalU against a bean meal, with 1200 GalU showing the clearer effect, taken at the start of the meal; broad-spectrum blends are labeled only in mg with no activity-unit disclosure; pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is prescriber-titrated in USP/Ph.Eur lipase units and is not an OTC dosing framework
**Use cases:** lactose intolerance (lactase); bean/legume/FODMAP-related gas (alpha-galactosidase); diagnosed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (prescription pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy only)
**Form verdict:** match the unit system to the enzyme, not the milligrams — a mg-only label on a broad-spectrum blend cannot be compared for real potency across brands, and diagnosed pancreatic insufficiency needs a prescriber, not a supplement-aisle product
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/digestive-enzymes/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/digestive-enzymes/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/digestive-enzymes/best-for-lactose-intolerance/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/digestive-enzymes/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/digestive-enzymes/do-digestive-enzymes-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/digestive-enzymes/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beano Extra Strength (100ct) | Beano | 1 tablet / 1 tablet at the start of the meal (1-3 by meal size, per label) | 100 | $10.92 | $0.11 | None claimed | B00ANL4WMI | targeted-bean-legume-gas | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Digestive Enzymes 620mg (120ct) | Nutricost | 620 mg blend / 1 capsule | 120 | $19.95 | $0.17 | Vegetarian-friendly (label claim) | B074P9J29V | broad-spectrum-budget | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Super Enzymes (90ct) | NOW Foods | 1 capsule / 1 capsule | 90 | $15.10 | $0.17 | None claimed | B000Y8AT0O | broad-spectrum-mainstream | 2026-08-01 |
| Lactaid Fast Act Caplets (96ct) | Lactaid | 9000 FCC lactase / 1 caplet, with the first bite of dairy | 96 | $20.54 | $0.22 | None claimed | B07XJVNNM1 | targeted-lactose-intolerance | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Digestive Enzymes Ultra (180ct) | Pure Encapsulations | 391 mg blend / 2 capsules | 90 | $66.50 | $0.74 | Vegetarian (label claim) | B0016X8Y0S | broad-spectrum-premium | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Elderberry

**Clinical dose:** syrup 15 mL up to 4x/day (short course); standardized extract ~600-900 mg/day
**Use cases:** cold/flu symptom relief (mixed, low-certainty evidence)
**Form verdict:** Prefer a disclosed anthocyanin % (best) or extract ratio; most products give no verifiable standardization — only 1 of 13 products discloses an anthocyanin %
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/elderberry/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/elderberry/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/elderberry/anthocyanin-label-trap/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/elderberry/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/elderberry/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/elderberry/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Elderberry 500 mg 10:1 Concentrate (120 Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $16.80 | $0.14 | None | B082VXPVVL | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Elderberry 450 mg (100 Capsules) | Solaray | 450 mg / 1 capsule | 100 | $14.88 | $0.15 | None | B0011FWFE2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NutriFlair Sambucus Elderberry 5-in-1 (120 Capsules) | NutriFlair | 1000 mg equiv / 2 capsules | 60 | $17.97 | $0.30 | None | B0876SH632 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Elderberry Gummies with Vitamins & Zinc (70 Gummies) | Nature's Bounty | 100 mg / 2 gummies | 35 | $13.94 | $0.40 | None | B07PXTBCB4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Truth Black Elderberry Gummies 4:1 (50 Gummies) | Nature's Truth | 400 mg equiv / 2 gummies | 25 | $10.28 | $0.41 | None | B07Y5KMM92 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Zhou Elder-Mune Elderberry Gummies (60 Gummies) | Zhou | 125 mg / 2 gummies | 30 | $14.59 | $0.49 | None | B07GVPS9H9 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Havasu Black Elderberry 400 mg (60 Capsules) | Havasu | 400 mg extract / 2 capsules | 30 | $17.99 | $0.60 | None | B07CJW3511 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Terry Naturally ViraPro Elderberry (60 Tablets) | Terry Naturally | 300 mg extract / 1 tablet | 60 | $45.56 | $0.76 | None | B008YQIZ7M | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Gaia Herbs Black Elderberry Syrup (3 oz) | Gaia Herbs | 2145 mg concentrate / 1 tsp | 30 | $22.94 | $0.76 | USDA Organic | B0036THLOA | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Sambucus Elderberry Syrup (8 oz) | Nature's Way | 1600 mg / 2 tsp | 24 | $19.79 | $0.82 | None | B001E8GO6G | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Sambucol Black Elderberry Syrup Original (7.8 oz) | Sambucol | 1670 mg berries / 2 tsp | 23 | $20.03 | $0.87 | None | B001ESA36I | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Gaia Herbs Black Elderberry (120 Vegan Capsules) | Gaia Herbs | 158 mg extract / 2 capsules | 60 | $56.69 | $0.94 | USDA Organic | B07L54SCPS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Emergen-C Elderberry Gummies (36 Count) | Emergen-C | 50 mg / 3 gummies | 12 | $15.99 | $1.33 | None | B08B5H281D | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Electrolytes

**Clinical dose:** 300-600 mg sodium/hour during exercise >60 min; 3,000-5,000 mg/day on keto/fasting; ~4,000-5,000 mg/day (physician-directed) for POTS; most people already meet the ~1,500 mg/day Adequate Intake from food
**Use cases:** sodium/electrolyte needs for exercise, keto/fasting, illness, POTS — most sedentary people need none
**Form verdict:** Most people already get enough sodium from food and don't need a supplement; when needed, use zero-sugar high-sodium formulas for exercise/keto or a glucose-paired ORS for illness
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/formulas-compared/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/gatorade-alternatives/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/liquid-iv-review/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/lmnt-vs-liquid-iv/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/electrolytes/lmnt-vs-nuun/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultima Replenisher Electrolyte Powder (90 servings) | Ultima | 55 mg sodium / 1 scoop | 90 | $47.99 | $0.53 | None | B01IIGL894 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nuun Sport Electrolyte Tablets — Lemon Lime (40 tablets) | Nuun | 300 mg sodium / 1 tablet | 40 | $23.60 | $0.59 | None | B018NZJE64 | best-daily | 2026-08-01 |
| SaltStick FastChews Chewable Electrolytes — Lemon Lime (60 chews / 30 servings) | SaltStick | 100 mg sodium / 2 chewable tablets | 30 | $19.95 | $0.66 | Informed Choice | B01IUVIN36 | best-certified-chew | 2026-08-01 |
| Transparent Labs Hydrate — Tropical Punch (40 servings) | Transparent Labs | 500 mg sodium / 1 scoop | 40 | $29.99 | $0.75 | Informed Choice | B0CFHLBCWM | best-tested-value | 2026-08-01 |
| DripDrop ORS Hydration — Watermelon (32 sticks) | DripDrop | 330 mg sodium / 1 stick pack | 32 | $32.99 | $1.03 | None | B07X5MX1LW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Liquid I.V. Sugar-Free Hydration Multiplier — Lemon Lime (14 sticks) | Liquid I.V. | 530 mg sodium / 1 stick pack | 14 | $19.80 | $1.41 | None | B0BQ4G7LY8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Liquid I.V. Hydration Multiplier — Lemon Lime (16 sticks) | Liquid I.V. | 500 mg sodium / 1 stick pack | 16 | $23.46 | $1.47 | None | B01IT9NLHW | best-ors-style | 2026-08-01 |
| LMNT Recharge Electrolytes — Citrus Salt (30 sticks) | LMNT | 1000 mg sodium / 1 stick pack | 30 | $44.80 | $1.49 | None | B07TT8B1JJ | best-high-sodium | 2026-08-01 |
| Redmond Re-Lyte Hydration — Strawberry Lemonade (30 sticks) | Redmond | 810 mg sodium / 1 stick pack | 30 | $45.94 | $1.53 | None | B097QF7HVH | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BUBS Naturals Hydrate or Die Electrolytes (20 sticks) | BUBS Naturals | 650 mg sodium / 1 stick pack | 20 | $37.00 | $1.85 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0DQB8PXKS | best-nsf-certified | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Essential Amino Acids

**Clinical dose:** 8-10 g/day is the typical retail dose (ISSN's own MPS trigger is 1.5-3g, plateau ~15-18g/day)
**Use cases:** muscle protein synthesis support (resistance training, older adults with anabolic resistance)
**Form verdict:** Whey already supplies ~45-50% EAA by weight, so a standalone EAA product fills a gap most adequately-fed people don't have; leucine-enriched blends help older/anabolic-resistant adults specifically, not everyone
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/essential-amino-acids/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/essential-amino-acids/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/essential-amino-acids/best-for-older-adults/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/essential-amino-acids/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/essential-amino-acids/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/essential-amino-acids/eaa-vs-bcaa-vs-whey/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Essential Amino Acids Powder (500 g, Unflavored) | BulkSupplements | 10000 g EAA / 1 scoop (10 g) | 50 | $25.97 | $0.52 | None stated | B07VJK13WD | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost EAA Powder, Unflavored (30 Servings) | Nutricost | 8000 g EAA / 1 scoop (8 g) | 30 | $17.95 | $0.60 | None stated | B09SP6HLLP | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NAKED EAAs Amino Acids Powder (500 g, Unflavored, Vegan) | NAKED | 10000 g EAA / 1 scoop (10 g) | 50 | $39.99 | $0.64 | None stated | B0B9YJZ1WV | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost EAA Powder, Fruit Punch (30 Servings) | Nutricost | 8000 g EAA / 1 scoop (8 g) | 30 | $19.95 | $0.66 | None stated | B09SPDV3JK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost EAA Capsules 1200 mg (240 ct) | Nutricost | 1200 g EAA / 2 capsules (1,200 mg) | 120 | $18.95 | $1.06 | None stated | B0C5KBZHYR | budget-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Kion Aminos Essential Amino Acids Capsules (210 ct) | Kion | 5000 g EAA / 7 capsules (5 g) | 30 | $54.95 | $2.93 | None stated | B09CFZLY8G | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Fiber

**Clinical dose:** ~25 g/day for women, ~38 g/day for men (21g/30g after 51); psyllium supplement 5-7g/serving, ramp up ~5g/week with water
**Use cases:** general fiber intake/regularity, cholesterol, constipation, IBS
**Form verdict:** Psyllium is the go-to supplement for closing a fiber gap; ramp slowly with water to avoid gas/bloating; supplements should top up food fiber, not replace it
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fiber/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fiber/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fiber/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fiber/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fiber/forms-compared/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Organic Inulin Prebiotic Powder (8 oz) | NOW Foods | 3 g / 1 tsp (~3 g) | 75 | $10.00 | $0.13 | USDA Organic, Non-GMO | B000MGSI1K | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Benefiber Prebiotic Fiber Powder (wheat dextrin) | Benefiber | 3 g / 2 tsp (~3.5 g) | 62 | $13.48 | $0.22 | None listed | B01978FIZC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Metamucil 4-in-1 Psyllium, Sugar-Free (72 servings) | Metamucil | 3.4 g / 1 rounded tsp (~5.8 g) | 72 | $17.97 | $0.25 | None listed | B000052Y5Q | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Konsyl Daily Psyllium Fiber Powder (19 oz) | Konsyl | 5 g / 1 tsp (6 g) | 90 | $25.99 | $0.29 | Single-ingredient psyllium | B0D1DB2D6V | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Psyllium Husk Powder, Organic (12 oz) | NOW Foods | 7 g / 1 tbsp (9 g) | 38 | $14.10 | $0.37 | Non-GMO Project Verified, USDA Organic | B002N0OFEM | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Citrucel Methylcellulose Fiber Powder | Citrucel | 2 g / 1 tbsp (2 g fiber) | 30 | $18.59 | $0.62 | FDA OTC monograph drug | B001F0R76O | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Fisetin

**Clinical dose:** no established clinical dose — see page
**Use cases:** cellular senescence / senolytic support (unproven)
**Form verdict:** no dose has been shown effective — the only trial testing a real clinical outcome (ROPE, ~1400mg/day pulsed) found no benefit vs placebo; retail's 100-500mg/day continuous dose has not been tested at all
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fisetin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fisetin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fisetin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fisetin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fisetin/for-joint-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/fisetin/senolytic-hype-vs-human-evidence/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double Wood Fisetin 100mg | Double Wood | 100 mg fisetin / 1 capsule | 60 | $22.95 | $0.38 | None claimed (no third-party testing disclosed) | B082WLT5V2 | budget-lowest-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Bio-Fisetin | Life Extension | 44.5 mg proprietary blend / 1 capsule | 30 | $11.25 | $0.38 | FF-20-style hybrid-hydrogel technology (fenugreek galactomannan + fisetin micelles) — the same underlying delivery technology validated in the one human fisetin PK trial | B08M99BR1N | validated-tech-tiny-actual-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Toniiq Ultra High Purity Fisetin 500mg | Toniiq | 500 mg fisetin / 1 capsule | 60 | $44.41 | $0.74 | Third-party tested (brand claim); 98%+ purity claimed | B0C2QLNTPS | highest-dose-plain | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Fisetin featuring Novusetin 100mg | Doctor's Best | 100 mg fisetin / 1 capsule | 30 | $22.99 | $0.77 | Novusetin branded raw material (patented, traceable supply chain); no independent third-party testing disclosed | B0081NXW1C | named-raw-material | 2026-08-01 |
| ProHealth Pure Fisetin 250mg | ProHealth | 250 mg fisetin / 1 capsule | 60 | $55.95 | $0.93 | None claimed (no third-party testing disclosed) | B0F22K1LV2 | pulsed-protocol-closest-match | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Flaxseed Oil

**Clinical dose:** 1 tbsp liquid oil (~7.6g ALA) trivially clears the adequate intake (1600mg/day men, 1100mg/day women); trial-tested range for biomarker effects is 2.4-8g ALA/day
**Use cases:** omega-3 ALA intake; cardiovascular support (raising EPA, lipid subfractions, blood pressure) — does not raise DHA
**Form verdict:** Raising the ALA dose does not proportionally raise EPA and essentially never moves DHA at any dose — the conversion pathway is capacity-limited, not dose-limited; only 2 of 6 products disclose ALA mg per serving
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/flaxseed-oil/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/flaxseed-oil/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/flaxseed-oil/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/flaxseed-oil/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/flaxseed-oil/flaxseed-oil-vs-fish-oil/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/flaxseed-oil/for-heart-health/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NatureWise Flaxseed Oil 1200mg, CCOF Organic, 240 Softgels | NatureWise | 1200 mg flaxseed oil / 1 softgel | 240 | $18.99 | $0.08 | CCOF Certified Organic, Non-GMO | B00GBQ3K54 | disclosed-ala-softgel | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Flaxseed Oil 1000mg, Fish-Free Omega-3, 180 Softgels | Nature Made | 1000 mg flaxseed oil / 1 softgel | 180 | $15.49 | $0.09 | None stated | B0029O0C1M | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Flax Oil 1000mg, Cold Pressed, 120 Veg Softgels | NOW Foods | 1000 mg flaxseed oil / 1 softgel | 120 | $11.60 | $0.10 | Hexane-free extraction | B078TH6LYM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Flaxseed Oil 1200mg, 120 Softgels | Nutricost | 1200 mg flaxseed oil / 1 softgel | 120 | $11.95 | $0.10 | GMO-free, gluten-free | B0DZF2JHWJ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Barlean's Omega 3-6-9 Flaxseed Oil Softgels, 250 Ct | Barlean's | 1650 mg ALA claimed (total package figure, per-serving softgel count ambiguous) / 1 softgel (serving size ambiguous — see label) | 250 | $38.99 | $0.16 | None stated | B0009ET4K4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Barlean's Organic Flaxseed Oil, 8 fl oz (Liquid) | Barlean's | 14000 mg flaxseed oil / 1 tbsp (~15mL) | 16 | $14.49 | $0.91 | Organic (cold-pressed) | B00N55ASK4 | cheapest-per-gram-ala-disclosed | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Gaba

**Clinical dose:** ~100 mg/day is the trial-relevant floor (mostly branded PharmaGABA); 300 mg/day is the best-tested insomnia dose (fermented rice germ, 4 weeks); retail capsules commonly sell 500-750 mg, untested at that level for these outcomes
**Use cases:** stress/relaxation, sleep-latency support
**Form verdict:** PharmaGABA at ~100mg matches the dose and form behind most positive trials; a 500-750mg synthetic capsule is not a proven stronger version — no trial tested that dose for relaxation or sleep
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/gaba/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/gaba/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/gaba/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/gaba/does-gaba-cross-the-blood-brain-barrier/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/gaba/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/gaba/for-sleep/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost GABA 750 mg | Nutricost | 750 mg GABA / 1 capsule | 240 | $19.95 | $0.08 | Third-party tested (brand claim) | B09CXT8S6S | cheapest-per-day | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW GABA 500 mg | NOW Foods | 500 mg GABA / 1 capsule | 100 | $9.17 | $0.09 | cGMP | B0078W47PM | cheapest-per-cap | 2026-07-19 |
| NOW Foods GABA 750 mg | NOW Foods | 750 mg GABA / 1 capsule | 200 | $18.95 | $0.09 | cGMP | B0768K5V8J | bulk-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Source Naturals Serene Science GABA 750 mg | Source Naturals | 750 mg GABA / 1 capsule | 180 | $22.05 | $0.12 | cGMP | B000GFHPAM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne PharmaGABA-100 | Thorne | 100 mg GABA / 1 capsule | 60 | $34.00 | $0.57 | NSF Certified for Sport | B001904F74 | trial-matched | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas GABA Soothe | Jarrow Formulas | 100 mg GABA (+ L-theanine + ashwagandha, combo) / 1 capsule | 30 | $16.99 | $0.57 | cGMP | B003L8RW22 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Garlic

**Clinical dose:** aged garlic extract ~600-1200 mg/day (AGE-at-Heart trial used 1.2 g/day); enteric/stabilized allicin dosed by standardized allicin potential (mcg), not root mg
**Use cases:** blood pressure support (hypertension)
**Form verdict:** Aged garlic extract has the most consistent blood-pressure data; plain powders and garlic-oil 'equivalent mg' products don't reliably deliver allicin — only 6 of 12 products tracked use a delivering form
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/garlic/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/garlic/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/garlic/allicin-delivery-problem/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/garlic/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/garlic/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/garlic/for-blood-pressure/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature's Bounty Odorless Garlic 1000 mg Equivalent (100 Softgels) | Nature's Bounty | 1000 mg equiv / 1 softgel | 100 | $4.47 | $0.04 | None | B004JO7BTG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Puritan's Pride Odorless Garlic 1000 mg Equivalent (250 Softgels) | Puritan's Pride | 1000 mg equiv / 1 softgel | 250 | $10.00 | $0.04 | None | B004R63N8O | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Garlic Bulb 580 mg (100 Capsules) | Nature's Way | 580 mg / 1 capsule | 100 | $9.19 | $0.09 | None | B00125VPZ6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| 21st Century Garlic Odorless (60 Tablets) | 21st Century | 500 mg / 1 tablet | 60 | $7.99 | $0.13 | None | B0007PQBAG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Garlic Oil 1500 mg Equivalent (250 Softgels) | NOW Foods | 1500 mg equiv / 3 softgels | 83 | $10.40 | $0.13 | None | B000MGR1JK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Garlic 5000 Enteric-Coated (90 Tablets) | NOW Foods | 500 mg bulb / 1 tablet | 90 | $15.91 | $0.18 | None | B006W990J0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract Formula 100 (200 Capsules) | Kyolic | 600 mg AGE / 2 capsules | 100 | $23.89 | $0.24 | None | B000POSA2Q | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Garlinase 5000 Enteric-Coated (100 Tablets) | Nature's Way | 320 mg extract / 1 tablet | 100 | $25.68 | $0.26 | None | B0013OQC4U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Truth Odorless Garlic 2400 mg Equivalent (120 Softgels) | Nature's Truth | 2400 mg equiv / 2 softgels | 30 | $8.49 | $0.28 | None | B00XHKA730 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract Formula 200 Reserve (60 Capsules) | Kyolic | 1200 mg AGE / 2 capsules | 30 | $16.00 | $0.54 | None | B005P0SYKI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Allimax Pro 450 mg Stabilized Allicin (100 Capsules) | Allimax | 450 mg allicin / 1 capsule | 100 | $73.50 | $0.73 | None | B005S7G75C | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract Formula 109 Blood Pressure Health (80 Capsules) | Kyolic | 400 mg AGE / 2 capsules | 40 | $37.90 | $0.95 | None | B005FC6VUQ | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Ginkgo

**Clinical dose:** 120-240 mg/day standardized 24%/6% extract; 240 mg/day for the dementia-treatment signal
**Use cases:** cognitive decline / dementia treatment (not prevention), circulation
**Form verdict:** must be a standardized 24%/6% extract (ideally EGb 761), not whole-leaf — even at the studied 240mg/day dose, the large prevention trials (GEM, GuidAge) found no benefit, so dose was not why they failed
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginkgo/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginkgo/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginkgo/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginkgo/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginkgo/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginkgo/egb761-vs-generic/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Ginkgo Biloba 120 mg (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 capsule (120 mg) | 240 | $14.95 | $0.06 | None (GMP facility) | B01BCULYEC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Ginkgo Biloba 120 mg Standardized Extract (100 Capsules) | Nature's Bounty | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 capsule (120 mg) | 100 | $8.49 | $0.08 | None | B002Y27JYM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Extra Strength Ginkgo Biloba 120 mg (120 Veggie Caps) | Doctor's Best | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 capsule (120 mg) | 120 | $12.99 | $0.11 | None | B000NRXNT0 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Ginkgo Biloba Certified Extract 120 mg (365 Veg Caps) | Life Extension | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 capsule (120 mg) | 365 | $39.00 | $0.11 | None (per-lot COA) | B000KEO85E | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach Ginkgo Biloba 120 mg Standardized Extract (240 Tablets) | Horbaach | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 tablet (120 mg) | 120 | $13.99 | $0.12 | None | B0BXTC84XT | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Ginkgo Biloba 120 mg, Double Strength (100 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 capsule (120 mg) | 100 | $12.94 | $0.13 | None (Non-GMO, Kosher) | B0013OVZCO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlyle Ginkgo Biloba 6,000 mg Equivalent, 50:1 Whole-Leaf (200 Capsules) | Carlyle | 120 mg ginkgo (50:1) / 2 capsules (120 mg 50:1) | 100 | $14.79 | $0.15 | None | B09L8JR6LT | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Guaranteed Potency Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract 60 mg (120 Capsules) | Solaray | 60 mg ginkgo extract / 1 capsule (60 mg) | 120 | $38.89 | $0.32 | None (in-house lab verified) | B0011FWJNY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Ginkgold Advanced Ginkgo Extract (150 Tablets) | Nature's Way | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 2 tablets (120 mg) | 75 | $32.45 | $0.43 | None | B003DI94OO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Ginkgo Premium Extract with Gotu Kola (60 Capsules) | Nature's Way | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 2 capsules (120 mg) | 30 | $13.37 | $0.45 | Non-GMO Verified | B0009EXLEY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Ginkgold Max Advanced Ginkgo Extract (60 Vegan Tablets) | Nature's Way | 120 mg ginkgo extract / 1 tablet (120 mg) | 60 | $32.90 | $0.55 | None | B00029F4SM | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Ginseng

**Clinical dose:** by format: standardized extract 200-400 mg/day at 4% ginsenosides (G115 benchmark, ~8-16mg ginsenosides); red/whole root 0.5-3 g/day; Korean red ginseng in ED trials ~1,800-3,000 mg/day
**Use cases:** energy/fatigue, erectile dysfunction (Korean red ginseng), general vitality
**Form verdict:** Root mg is not ginsenoside content — independent testing found ginsenoside content varies 15-36 fold versus label; prefer a disclosed ginsenoside % over a big root-weight number
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginseng/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginseng/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginseng/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginseng/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginseng/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/ginseng/which-ginseng-species/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW American Ginseng, 500 mg (100 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg ginseng root / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 100 | $12.23 | $0.12 | None (NPA GMP brand) | B000MGOYR2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Ginseng Complex with B-12 (75 Capsules) | Nature's Bounty | null mg ginseng blend / 2 capsules | 37 | $9.02 | $0.24 | None | B00392HD7Y | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Hsu's Wisconsin American Ginseng, 500 mg (100 Capsules) | Hsu's Ginseng | 500 mg ginseng root / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 100 | $24.99 | $0.25 | None | B000153QYG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Korean Ginseng Root Extract SFP (60 Capsules) | Solgar | null mg ginseng root extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $15.39 | $0.26 | None (Kosher/Non-GMO) | B000WMWYAK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Asian Ginseng, 1,120 mg (100 Capsules) | Nature's Way | 1120 mg ginseng root / 2 capsules (1,120 mg) | 50 | $22.18 | $0.44 | None | B000QUMRYQ | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Gaia Herbs Eleuthero Root, labeled "Siberian Ginseng" (60 Liquid Phyto-Caps) | Gaia Herbs | null mg eleuthero root / 1 capsule | 60 | $30.59 | $0.51 | None | B0036THNUC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Prince of Peace Red Panax Ginseng Extractum, Ultra Strength (30 Vials) | Prince of Peace | null mg red ginseng / 1 vial (10 mL) | 30 | $16.35 | $0.55 | None | B000KWMNA8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Auragin Authentic Korean Red Ginseng, 6-Year Roots (60 Tablets) | Auragin | null mg red ginseng / 1 tablet | 60 | $39.95 | $0.67 | None | B00JVA8RO6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| KGC Cheong Kwan Jang Korean Red Ginseng Extract EveryTime, 3,000 mg (10 Pouches) | KGC Cheong Kwan Jang | 3000 mg red ginseng extract / 1 pouch (3,000 mg) | 10 | $45.49 | $4.55 | None | B0DJ3N1N7L | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Glucomannan

**Clinical dose:** 3g/day, three 1g doses before meals with water, for the EFSA weight-loss claim; 3.6-4g/day for cholesterol/glycemic control; ~4.5g/day for constipation (thin, single-trial evidence)
**Use cases:** weight loss (with energy-restricted diet), cholesterol/LDL, glycemic control (type 2 diabetes), constipation
**Form verdict:** Must always be taken with a full glass (≥8 fl oz) of water, never dry — underhydrated tablets/capsules have caused esophageal obstruction in case reports; the EFSA weight-loss claim is conditional on an energy-restricted diet, not glucomannan alone
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucomannan/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucomannan/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucomannan/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucomannan/does-glucomannan-cause-weight-loss/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucomannan/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucomannan/for-cholesterol/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Glucomannan 575mg (180 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 575 mg / 1 capsule (575mg) | 180 | $16.52 | $0.09 | None stated | B000MGWI02 | best-value-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Glucomannan 1,800mg per Serving (180 Capsules) | Nutricost | 600 mg / 1 capsule (600mg) | 180 | $16.95 | $0.09 | None stated | B01HQZB4K6 | clean-dose-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Glucomannan Powder (500g) | Nutricost | 2 g / 1 scoop (2g) | 250 | $24.95 | $0.10 | None stated | B01EGTY358 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Glucomannan 665mg, Konjac Root (100 Capsules) | Nature's Way | 665 mg / 1 capsule (665mg) | 100 | $12.50 | $0.13 | None stated | B00020HQYG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com Glucomannan Powder from Konjac Root (500g) | BulkSupplements.com | 2 g / 1 scoop (2g) | 250 | $40.97 | $0.16 | None stated | B075GVFHDT | premium-alt | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Glucosamine

**Clinical dose:** 1,500 mg/day glucosamine sulfate (as one dose or 500 mg three times a day)
**Use cases:** knee osteoarthritis pain (contested efficacy)
**Form verdict:** must be sulfate, not hydrochloride — the positive trials used sulfate while HCl trials (including GAIT) were largely negative; evidence for efficacy is mixed and contested, and both major arthritis guideline bodies now recommend against use
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/glucosamine/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucosamine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucosamine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucosamine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucosamine/for-osteoarthritis/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glucosamine/sulfate-vs-hcl/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Supplements Glucosamine Sulfate 750mg | NOW Foods | 750 mg / 2 capsules | 240 | $23.10 | $0.10 | None | B0013OUP20 | — | 2026-06-04 |
| Doctor's Best Glucosamine Sulfate 750mg | Doctor's Best | 750 mg / 2 capsules | 90 | $14.99 | $0.16 | None | B000I4C0J2 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Glutathione

**Clinical dose:** 250-1000 mg/day for body stores (Richie 2015, 6mo); 250-500 mg/day for skin lightening (Weschawalit/Arjinpathana)
**Use cases:** raising body glutathione stores, skin lightening
**Form verdict:** no single best form verified; Setria's 200mg-1g exercise doses (always paired with L-citrulline) should not be borrowed for a skin or absorption claim
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glutathione/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glutathione/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glutathione/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glutathione/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glutathione/for-liver-and-oxidative-stress/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glutathione/oral-absorption-and-skin-whitening/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Extension Glutathione, Cysteine & C | Life Extension | 50 mg reduced glutathione / 1 capsule | 100 | $14.85 | $0.15 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B00BRAZIRM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Glutathione 500 mg | Nutricost | 500 mg reduced glutathione / 1 capsule | 240 | $39.95 | $0.17 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B088NDXC8N | best-cost-per-mg | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Glutathione 500 mg | NOW Foods | 500 mg reduced glutathione / 1 capsule | 60 | $23.24 | $0.38 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B0019LWV92 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas S-Acetyl L-Glutathione 100 mg | Jarrow Formulas | 100 mg S-acetyl-glutathione / 1 tablet | 60 | $28.99 | $0.48 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B00OGXJON6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Glutathione Reduced 500 mg | Jarrow Formulas | 500 mg reduced glutathione / 1 capsule | 120 | $61.05 | $0.51 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B008X2VXBW | trial-dose-match | 2026-08-01 |
| Codeage Liposomal Glutathione 1000 mg | Codeage | 1000 mg reduced glutathione / 2 capsules | 60 | $48.30 | $0.80 | Not independently verified this session (no live label/COA check) | B09ZJ9N4MV | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Glycine

**Clinical dose:** 3 g about 30-60 minutes before bed
**Use cases:** sleep
**Form verdict:** powder is naturally sweet, dissolves easily, and is far cheaper per gram than capsules
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glycine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glycine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glycine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glycine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glycine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/glycine/vs-magnesium-glycinate-and-collagen/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Glycine Powder (1 kg) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg glycine / 1 scoop (3 g) | 333 | $32.97 | $0.10 | Third-party lab tested | B00EOXU0MM | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Glycine Pure Powder (1 lb) | NOW Foods | 3000 mg glycine / 3/4 tsp (3 g) | 151 | $18.37 | $0.12 | GMP (NPA) | B0013OVZJW | best-powder | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Glycine Powder (1 lb) | Nutricost | 3000 mg glycine / 1 scoop (3 g) | 151 | $21.95 | $0.15 | Independent lab tested | B09F83CPX8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Glycine 1000 mg Capsules (100) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg glycine / 1 capsule | 100 | $11.62 | $0.35 | GMP (NPA) | B002J0RHTQ | best-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Glycine 1000 mg (300 capsules) | Double Wood | 1000 mg glycine / 2 capsules | 150 | $19.95 | $0.40 | Third-party tested | B08FCRJW9V | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NutraBio Glycine Powder (150 g) | NutraBio | 1000 mg glycine / 1 scoop (1 g) | 150 | $19.99 | $0.40 | Fully-disclosed label / COA | B0BGT9SF2G | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Glycine (250 capsules) | Thorne | 1000 mg glycine / 2 capsules | 125 | $31.00 | $0.74 | Third-party certified | B000VYRROC | best-tested | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Glycine (180 capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 1500 mg glycine / 3 capsules | 60 | $35.00 | $1.17 | NSF-audited GMP, hypoallergenic | B0016BX8O2 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Grape Seed Extract

**Clinical dose:** 150-300 mg/day typical (trials range 100-800 mg/day); a 300 mg/day dose showed NO significant ambulatory blood-pressure effect in one rigorous 8-week RCT
**Use cases:** blood pressure, venous health
**Form verdict:** disclosed standardization (OPC/proanthocyanidin %) matters more than the milligram number on the label
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/grape-seed-extract/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/grape-seed-extract/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/grape-seed-extract/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/grape-seed-extract/does-grape-seed-extract-lower-blood-pressure/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/grape-seed-extract/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/grape-seed-extract/for-blood-pressure/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Grape Seed Extract 400mg (95% Proanthocyanidins, 70:1 Extract) | Nutricost | 400 mg GSE extract / 1 capsule | 240 | $19.95 | $0.08 | None claimed | B09NFB158Y | best-overall | 2026-08-01 |
| Bronson Grape Seed Extract 400mg (95% OPCs) | Bronson | 400 mg GSE extract / 1 capsule | 90 | $9.99 | $0.11 | None claimed | B0C6R3HW26 | cheapest-standardized | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Grape Seed 100mg (90% Standardized, with Vitamin C) | NOW Foods | 100 mg GSE extract / 1 veg capsule | 200 | $24.95 | $0.12 | cGMP; widely recognized brand | B0013OXE46 | closest-to-trial-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Puritan's Pride Grapeseed Extract 200mg (2 Capsules/Day) | Puritan's Pride | 400 mg GSE extract / 2 capsules | 60 | $8.90 | $0.15 | None claimed | B004R65MFG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Recipes Grape Seed Extract 500mg (95% OPCs) | Doctor's Recipes | 500 mg GSE extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $9.99 | $0.17 | None claimed | B0FM7SS54V | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Grapeseed Extract with Vitamin C, Resveratrol & Calcium | Life Extension | 100 mg (combo, isolated GSE mg not disclosed) / 1 capsule | 60 | $23.00 | $0.38 | Combo product: grape seed extract + vitamin C + resveratrol + calcium — NOT a pure GSE product | B07F779YVZ | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Hmb

**Clinical dose:** 3 g/day, typically split into three 1g doses
**Use cases:** muscle preservation, exercise recovery
**Form verdict:** Ca-HMB is the cheaper, equally mechanistically-supported default; HMB-FA absorbs faster/higher but no independent trial shows that changes real-world outcomes
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hmb/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hmb/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hmb/best-for-muscle-preservation/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hmb/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hmb/does-hmb-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hmb/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primaforce HMB Powder, Unflavored (200 g) | Primaforce | 1000 g HMB / 1 scoop (1 g) | 200 | $18.50 | $0.28 | None stated | B0CNKV2T7T | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com HMB Powder, Unflavored (250 g) | BulkSupplements.com | 1000 g HMB / 1 scoop (1 g) | 250 | $22.97 | $0.28 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B017L2M7RI | reputable-brand-powder | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com HMB Capsules (360 ct, 3,000 mg serving) | BulkSupplements.com | 3000 mg HMB / 6 capsules (3,000 mg) | 60 | $23.97 | $0.40 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B0CQDBPXJF | budget-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost HMB 1,000 mg (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 1000 mg HMB / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 120 | $19.50 | $0.49 | 3rd-party tested (ISO lab) | B07KX2GJHV | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimum Nutrition HMB 1000 Caps (90 Capsules, 3,000 mg serving) | Optimum Nutrition | 3000 mg HMB / 3 capsules (3,000 mg) | 30 | $39.99 | $1.34 | cGMP; reputable manufacturer | B000GIPJ16 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| MuscleTech Clear Muscle (BetaTOR HMB-FA, 42 Liquid Softgels) | MuscleTech | 1000 mg HMB / 1 liquid softgel (1,000 mg) | 42 | $24.24 | $1.74 | cGMP; reputable manufacturer | B07YNGFFDT | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Hyaluronic Acid

**Clinical dose:** 120 mg/day for skin (Oe 2017, Hsu 2021, 12wk); joint doses lower/inconsistent — 200mg/day plain HA (Tashiro 2012) or 80mg/day of a different branded ingredient (Nelson 2015)
**Use cases:** skin hydration and wrinkles; knee osteoarthritis (joint)
**Form verdict:** no dose-ranging trial shows more than 120mg does more for skin; joint dose is not interchangeable with the skin dose
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hyaluronic-acid/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hyaluronic-acid/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hyaluronic-acid/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hyaluronic-acid/does-oral-hyaluronic-acid-reach-skin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hyaluronic-acid/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/hyaluronic-acid/for-skin-hydration/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Hyaluronic Acid 100mg | Nutricost | 100 mg hyaluronic acid / 1 capsule | 120 | $13.95 | $0.12 | GMP-compliant facility | B07X7J7GVK | cheapest-per-mg | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Hyaluronic Acid 50mg with MSM | NOW Foods | 100 mg hyaluronic acid / 2 capsules | 60 | $18.50 | $0.30 | GMP facility | B000S97MOU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Hyaluronic Acid with Chondroitin Sulfate (BioCell Collagen) | Doctor's Best | 1000 mg BioCell Collagen blend / 2 capsules | 90 | $35.99 | $0.40 | None stated | B003C5F8FW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Natural Factors Hyabest Hyaluronic Acid 120mg | Natural Factors | 120 mg hyaluronic acid / 1 capsule | 60 | $34.97 | $0.58 | Hyabest branded ingredient (Kewpie Corporation-licensed raw material) | B0046XE8L4 | trial-matched-ingredient | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Hyaluronic Acid 120mg | Jarrow Formulas | 120 mg hyaluronic acid / 2 capsules | 30 | $18.34 | $0.61 | None stated | B0013OX996 | trial-dose-match-plain | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Inulin

**Clinical dose:** start ~2.5 g/day and ramp gradually over 1-2 weeks to a 5-10 g/day target
**Use cases:** prebiotic fiber, gut regularity
**Form verdict:** native long-chain inulin ferments slower/gentler; shorter-chain FOS ferments faster and is often gassier at an equivalent dose
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/inulin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/inulin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/inulin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/inulin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/inulin/for-bone-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/inulin/vs-psyllium/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earthborn Elements Inulin FOS Capsules (200 ct) | Earthborn Elements | 0.5 g / 1 capsule (~500mg, est., see note) | 200 | $16.99 | $0.08 | None listed | B08ZNV2BH8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Inulin Prebiotic FOS Powder, Pack of 2 (8 oz x 2, 16 oz total) | NOW Foods | 4 g / ~1 tsp (est., see note) | 113 | $20.00 | $0.18 | None listed | B001F0R9B2 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Organic Inulin Powder (8 oz) | NOW Foods | 4 g / ~1 tsp (est., see note) | 57 | $9.99 | $0.18 | USDA Organic | B00ERK8GOG | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Prebiotic Fiber Unflavored (1 lb) | Nutricost | 7 g / 1 scoop (~7g, est., see note) | 65 | $19.95 | $0.31 | None listed | B0F22L62DC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Organic Inulin Powder (1 lb / 454 g) | Nutricost | 7 g / 1 scoop (~7g, label claim, see note) | 65 | $21.95 | $0.34 | USDA Organic | B08RRSZ8H6 | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Iodine

**Clinical dose:** RDA 150 mcg/day (adults), 220 mcg pregnancy, 290 mcg lactation; upper limit 1100 mcg/day for all adults
**Use cases:** thyroid function
**Form verdict:** 150-250mcg/day population sweet spot; high-dose 'iodine protocol' products (12.5-50mg/day, 85-330x RDA) are not supported by any evidence in this pack
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/iodine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/iodine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/iodine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/iodine/deficiency-vs-excess/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/iodine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/iodine/for-pregnancy/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Supplements Kelp, 150mcg Natural Iodine | NOW Foods | 150 mcg / 1 tablet | 200 | $7.95 | $0.04 | None stated | B000OSQP3E | best-overall | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Supplements Kelp, 325mcg Natural Iodine | NOW Foods | 325 mcg / 1 veg capsule | 250 | $12.24 | $0.05 | None stated | B0009A0LDM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Kelp Tablets, 325mcg Iodine | Nutricost | 325 mcg / 1 tablet | 240 | $11.95 | $0.05 | None stated | B0971TDFRC | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Sea-Iodine, 1000mcg | Life Extension | 1000 mcg / 1 veg capsule | 150 | $16.49 | $0.11 | None stated | B07NC1S4RG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Potassium Iodide (KI), 65mg | Nutricost | 65000 mcg / 1 capsule | 90 | $12.95 | $0.14 | None stated | B0B2XB4V43 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimox Iodoral 12.5mg | Optimox | 12500 mcg / 1 tablet | 90 | $38.89 | $0.43 | None stated | B005MKP9OK | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Iron Bisglycinate

**Clinical dose:** RDA 8 mg/day (men, post-menopause), 18 mg/day (menstruating women), 27 mg/day (pregnancy); for a blood-test-confirmed deficiency, roughly 60-100 mg elemental iron every other day; retail bisglycinate ('gentle iron') products in this comparison run 25-36 mg elemental per capsule
**Use cases:** iron-deficiency anemia treatment; general dietary iron requirement
**Form verdict:** ferrous bisglycinate ('gentle iron') is better tolerated than ferrous sulfate for the months-long courses deficiency treatment requires
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/iron-bisglycinate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Iron 36 mg Double Strength (Ferrochel) | NOW Foods | 36 mg / 1 capsule | 90 | $9.64 | $0.10 | None | B00FYOU6AG | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Gentle Iron (Iron Bisglycinate) 25 mg | Solgar | 25 mg / 1 capsule | 90 | $12.95 | $0.15 | None | B06XYVV5CW | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Iron Bisglycinate 25 mg | Thorne | 25 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $16.00 | $0.27 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0797GZDZL | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| MegaFood Blood Builder | MegaFood | 26 mg / 1 tablet | 90 | $28.99 | $0.32 | NSF Certified | B000F4ZRCC | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Krill Oil

**Clinical dose:** shop by disclosed EPA+DHA mg, not krill oil mg; general adequate-intake range 250-500 mg EPA+DHA/day; retail servings typically deliver only 120-270 mg EPA+DHA; trials ranged 300mg-4g/day krill oil (~120-880mg EPA+DHA)
**Use cases:** triglycerides, knee/joint pain, general omega-3 support
**Form verdict:** krill oil is less omega-3-dense than fish oil (108-240 mg EPA+DHA/g vs 300-500+ mg/g) — a bigger 'mg krill oil' number on the front label does not mean more omega-3
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/krill-oil/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/krill-oil/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/krill-oil/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/krill-oil/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/krill-oil/for-triglycerides/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/krill-oil/krill-oil-vs-fish-oil/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Neptune Krill Oil, 500mg | NOW Foods | 500 mg krill oil / 1 softgel | 120 | $39.80 | $0.33 | None stated | B004VQ6KL2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com Krill Oil, 1000mg | BulkSupplements | 1000 mg krill oil / 2 softgels | 60 | $22.97 | $0.38 | None stated | B0B9HTQ84M | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Antarctic Krill Oil, 1000mg (Superba2) | Sports Research | 1000 mg krill oil / 1 softgel | 60 | $30.95 | $0.52 | None stated | B00IP1E3O0 | highest-density | 2026-08-01 |
| Schiff MegaRed Krill Oil, High Concentration 750mg | Schiff MegaRed | 750 mg krill oil / 1 softgel | 80 | $43.80 | $0.55 | None stated | B017UW9HVS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Kori Krill Oil Omega-3, 600mg | Kori | 1200 mg krill oil / 2 softgels | 30 | $17.99 | $0.60 | None stated | B096N5PKGL | cleanest-reference-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Viva Naturals Antarctic Krill Oil, 1250mg | Viva Naturals | 2500 mg krill oil / 2 capsules | 30 | $29.93 | $1.00 | None stated | B004TBCT4G | astaxanthin-disclosed | 2026-08-01 |

---

## L Arginine

**Clinical dose:** 4-24 g/day sustained daily for weeks, most commonly 6-9 g/day, for blood pressure; 1,500-5,000 mg/day for erectile function; a single acute 6g dose did NOT move blood pressure
**Use cases:** blood pressure, erectile dysfunction
**Form verdict:** oral bioavailability is variable (51-87%, avg 68%); L-citrulline raises plasma arginine more consistently; do NOT take post-heart-attack or with unstable cardiac disease without medical guidance
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-arginine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-arginine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-arginine/arginine-vs-citrulline/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-arginine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-arginine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-arginine/for-blood-pressure/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost L-Arginine Powder (500 g) | Nutricost | 5000 mg L-arginine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 100 | $21.95 | $0.26 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B00WISWRLW | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com L-Arginine HCl Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 5000 mg L-arginine HCl / 1 scoop (5 g, HCl salt weight) | 100 | $23.97 | $0.29 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B00NAKBOHU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Arginine 1,000 mg (300 Tablets) | Nutricost | 1000 mg L-arginine / 1 tablet | 300 | $25.95 | $0.52 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B07W8YC89F | pick-tested | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods L-Arginine 700 mg (180 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 700 mg L-arginine / 1 veg capsule | 180 | $13.00 | $0.62 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B083QPSNJR | — | 2026-07-26 |
| NOW Foods L-Arginine 1,000 mg (120 Tablets) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg L-arginine / 1 tablet | 120 | $17.04 | $0.85 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B0013OVX3U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations L-Arginine 1,400 mg (90 Capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 1400 mg L-arginine / 2 capsules (1,400 mg) | 45 | $29.00 | $2.76 | None (practitioner brand) | B003PR2VVG | pick-quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## L Carnitine

**Clinical dose:** LCLT ~2 g/day (exercise); ALCAR 1.5-3 g/day (brain/nerve); PLC ~2 g/day (circulation)
**Use cases:** exercise recovery (LCLT), cognition/neuropathy (ALCAR), circulation/claudication (PLC)
**Form verdict:** no single universal carnitine dose — match the specific form (LCLT/ALCAR/PLC) to your goal first; a 500mg capsule is only about a quarter of a 2g dose, so servings-per-container matters as much as the milligram number
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-carnitine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-carnitine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-carnitine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-carnitine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-carnitine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-carnitine/which-form/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Acetyl L-Carnitine (ALCAR) 500 mg (180 Capsules) | Nutricost | 500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 180 | $18.95 | $0.11 | None (NSF-registered facility) | B076TT43SR | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements L-Carnitine L-Tartrate Powder, 1000 mg per serving (250 g) | BulkSupplements | 1000 mg L-carnitine (as LCLT) / 1 g scoop | 250 | $26.97 | $0.11 | None (third-party tested) | B01476IJK0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Acetyl-L Carnitine 500 mg (200 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 200 | $27.73 | $0.14 | None (cGMP) | B000QSLINE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach L-Carnitine 500 mg, as L-Carnitine L-Tartrate (60 Capsules) | Horbaach | 500 mg L-carnitine (as LCLT) / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 60 | $8.99 | $0.15 | None | B0C6N1TY3X | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Carnitine Tartrate 1000 mg per serving (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 1000 mg L-carnitine (as LCLT) / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 120 | $19.95 | $0.17 | None (NSF-registered facility) | B06Y1BTLGK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW L-Carnitine 500 mg, Free-Form (180 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg L-carnitine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 180 | $31.90 | $0.18 | None (cGMP) | B0013OSLRG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Acetyl L-Carnitine 500 mg (120 Veggie Capsules) | Jarrow Formulas | 500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 120 | $26.99 | $0.22 | None | B0027DWNHQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Acetyl L-Carnitine Powder, 1.5 g per serving (100 g) | BulkSupplements | 1500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine / 1.5 g scoop | 66 | $21.97 | $0.33 | None (third-party tested) | B00E7H96CK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Acetyl-L-Carnitine 1000 mg per serving (120 Veg Caps) | Doctor's Best | 1000 mg acetyl-L-carnitine / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $22.99 | $0.38 | None | B000NRXO8A | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW L-Carnitine Liquid 1000 mg, Citrus (16 oz) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg L-carnitine / 1 tbsp (1,000 mg) | 31 | $15.92 | $0.51 | None (cGMP) | B0013OQLBE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Acetyl-L-Carnitine 500 mg (60 Capsules) | Thorne | 500 mg acetyl-L-carnitine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 60 | $32.00 | $0.53 | Third-party certified (Thorne / NSF) | B005P0UYGA | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Biolor Propionyl-L-Carnitine (PLC) HCl (120 Capsules) | Biolor | 1000 mg propionyl-L-carnitine / 2 capsules (~1,000 mg) | 60 | $37.99 | $0.63 | None | B07NVC623M | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Optimized Carnitine, three forms incl. 300 mg PLC (60 Capsules) | Life Extension | 1400 mg carnitine blend / 2 capsules (1,400 mg) | 30 | $23.25 | $0.78 | None (NSF-registered facility) | B0792NSRG3 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty L-Carnitine 500 mg (30 Tablets) | Nature's Bounty | 500 mg L-carnitine / 1 tablet (500 mg) | 30 | $23.83 | $0.80 | None | B000KOOARU | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## L Citrulline

**Clinical dose:** 3-6 g/day pure L-citrulline for blood pressure/nitric oxide (>=6 weeks); 8 g citrulline malate (~5 g actual citrulline) about an hour before training for performance
**Use cases:** blood pressure/nitric oxide support, exercise performance
**Form verdict:** citrulline malate is only ~57-72% actual citrulline (malic acid makes up the rest) — correct for the malate ratio or you under-dose; pure powder skips the math
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-citrulline/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-citrulline/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-citrulline/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-citrulline/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-citrulline/malate-ratio-explained/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-citrulline/vs-l-arginine/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Pure L-Citrulline Powder (600 g) | Nutricost | 3000 mg compound / 1 scoop (3 g) | 200 | $29.95 | $0.30 | 3rd-party tested, GMP | B01M2DB8V3 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements L-Citrulline Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg compound / 3 g (~1/2 tsp) | 166 | $24.97 | $0.30 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B00NBCVVW0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Citrulline Malate 1:1 Powder (1 kg) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg compound / 3 g (~1 tsp) | 333 | $33.97 | $0.36 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B00EYDQLNY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Citrulline Malate 2:1 Powder (600 g) | Nutricost | 3000 mg compound / 1 scoop (3 g) | 200 | $29.95 | $0.41 | 3rd-party tested, GMP | B010RIW67O | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Citrulline Malate 2:1 Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg compound / 3 g (~1 1/4 tsp) | 166 | $25.97 | $0.43 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B00EYDJTRE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| ALLMAX Citrulline Malate 2:1 Powder (300 g) | ALLMAX | 2000 mg compound / 1 scoop (2 g) | 150 | $24.99 | $0.69 | None stated | B077YZS7K7 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Micro Ingredients L-Citrulline 3,000 mg (240 Capsules) | Micro Ingredients | 3000 mg compound / 4 capsules | 60 | $21.99 | $0.73 | Third-party lab tested, cGMP | B0GN4RPTHP | best-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Sports L-Citrulline Pure Powder (4 oz) | NOW Sports | 1500 mg compound / 1/2 tsp (~1.5 g) | 75 | $17.95 | $0.96 | cGMP (NPA A-rated) | B001B4P3UQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements L-Citrulline Capsules 3,000 mg (240 ct) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg compound / 8 capsules | 30 | $20.97 | $1.40 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B0BB8GBTW6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Citrulline Malate 2:1 Capsules (240 ct) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg compound / 8 capsules | 30 | $19.97 | $1.84 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B0C63HRS5D | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## L Glutamine

**Clinical dose:** ~5 g/day (conventional, low-risk, not RCT-proven); sickle cell disease Rx dose is 0.3 g/kg twice daily
**Use cases:** gut/immune/exercise recovery support (largely unproven at normal doses), sickle cell disease (FDA-approved)
**Form verdict:** Commodity molecule — buy the cheapest third-party-tested powder; do not push above ~5 g/day, high experimental doses have been linked to increased mortality
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-glutamine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-glutamine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-glutamine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-glutamine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-glutamine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-glutamine/is-it-worth-it/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horbaach L-Glutamine 1000 mg (180 Capsules) | Horbaach | 1000 mg L-glutamine / 1 capsule (1 g) | 180 | $9.99 | $0.06 | None | B0C6N2N65F | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimum Nutrition L-Glutamine 1000 mg (240 Capsules) | Optimum Nutrition | 1000 mg L-glutamine / 1 capsule (1 g) | 240 | $19.99 | $0.08 | None | B002DYIZCQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Sports L-Glutamine 1000 mg (120 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg L-glutamine / 1 capsule (1 g) | 120 | $15.10 | $0.12 | None (cGMP) | B0013OQLD2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Naked Nutrition Pure L-Glutamine Powder (1 kg, 200 servings) | Naked Nutrition | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 200 | $34.99 | $0.17 | None (3rd-party heavy-metal tested) | B01N41U106 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements L-Glutamine Powder (1 kg) | BulkSupplements | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 200 | $36.97 | $0.18 | None (3rd-party tested) | B00E7TMONG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Glutamine Powder (500 g) | Nutricost | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 100 | $22.95 | $0.23 | None (3rd-party tested) | B00SHXE7VK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research L-Glutamine Powder (500 g) | Sports Research | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 100 | $24.95 | $0.25 | None (NOT NSF Certified for Sport despite sport branding) | B0CCK2T1LN | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements L-Glutamine Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 100 | $25.97 | $0.26 | None (3rd-party tested) | B00E7TMOOA | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Sports L-Glutamine Pure Powder (1 lb) | NOW Foods | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 rounded tsp (5 g) | 90 | $24.17 | $0.27 | None (cGMP) | B0013OXEKK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| MRM L-Glutamine 5000 mg Powder (500 g) | MRM Nutrition | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 100 | $26.99 | $0.27 | None | B000GG0COM | — | 2026-07-22 |
| Optimum Nutrition L-Glutamine Powder (1000 g) | Optimum Nutrition | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 194 | $55.99 | $0.29 | None (NOT NSF Certified for Sport) | B000GIUQR8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension L-Glutamine Powder (100 g) | Life Extension | 2000 mg L-glutamine / 1/2 tsp (2 g) | 50 | $16.50 | $0.33 | None | B00028MW7Y | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Klean Athlete Klean Glutamine Powder (~490 g) | Klean Athlete | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 98 | $65.00 | $0.66 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0CVHGP856 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne L-Glutamine Powder (513 g, 90 servings) | Thorne | 5000 mg L-glutamine / 1 scoop (5 g) | 90 | $67.00 | $0.74 | NSF Certified for Sport | B000FGWDL8 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## L Theanine

**Clinical dose:** 100-400 mg/day; 200 mg single dose most common for acute focus/stress; ~200 mg in the evening for sleep; no established benefit above ~400 mg
**Use cases:** focus/attention (paired with caffeine), anxiety/stress, sleep
**Form verdict:** Suntheanine (patented, verified-purity form used in most research) is the safe pick; molecule is identical across brands, so pay for the studied form and third-party testing, not a premium price
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/l-theanine/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/for-anxiety-stress/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/side-effects/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-theanine/with-caffeine/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods L-Theanine 200mg with Inositol (120ct) | NOW Foods | 200 mg / 1 capsule | 120 | $20.79 | $0.18 | None | B00GQV9YX6 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Suntheanine L-Theanine (200mg, 60ct) | Sports Research | 200 mg / 1 softgel | 60 | $19.95 | $0.34 | Non-GMO Verified | B00TXY32FY | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Theanine (200mg, 90ct) | Thorne | 200 mg / 1 capsule | 90 | $68.00 | $0.77 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0797BLW59 | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## L Tyrosine

**Clinical dose:** ~2 g at the low end, up to 100-150 mg/kg (~7-13 g), as a single dose 30-120 min before the stressor
**Use cases:** acute stressors — cold exposure, sleep deprivation, high cognitive load
**Form verdict:** Free-form L-tyrosine, taken as a single pre-load before a stressor — not a daily supplement; powder is far cheaper per studied gram than capsules
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-tyrosine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-tyrosine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-tyrosine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-tyrosine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-tyrosine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/l-tyrosine/the-dose-gap-and-nalt/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) Powder, 400 mg per serving (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 400 mg NALT / 400 mg scoop | 1250 | $30.97 | $0.02 | None (third-party lab tested) | B00ENQYI8M | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements L-Tyrosine Powder, 500 mg per serving (250 g) | BulkSupplements | 500 mg L-tyrosine / ~1/8 tsp (500 mg) | 500 | $19.97 | $0.04 | None (third-party lab tested) | B00ENQL68C | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Tyrosine Powder, 1,000 mg per serving (500 g) | Nutricost | 1000 mg L-tyrosine / 1 g scoop | 500 | $26.95 | $0.05 | None (third-party lab tested) | B078THL2V5 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Tyrosine 500 mg (180 Capsules) | Nutricost | 500 mg L-tyrosine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 180 | $14.95 | $0.08 | None (ISO-lab tested) | B01AMSMDY0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW L-Tyrosine 500 mg (120 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg L-tyrosine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 120 | $11.01 | $0.09 | None (cGMP, UL-tested) | B0013OUPSE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost N-Acetyl L-Tyrosine (NALT) 350 mg (120 Capsules) | Nutricost | 350 mg NALT / 1 capsule (350 mg) | 120 | $12.95 | $0.11 | None | B079NQ1XXW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach L-Tyrosine 1,000 mg (250 Capsules) | Horbaach | 1000 mg L-tyrosine / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 125 | $16.99 | $0.14 | None | B0CZM6PD9H | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW L-Tyrosine 750 mg (90 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 750 mg L-tyrosine / 1 capsule (750 mg) | 90 | $12.24 | $0.14 | None (cGMP) | B0019LWVLA | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas L-Tyrosine 500 mg (100 Capsules) | Jarrow Formulas | 500 mg L-tyrosine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 100 | $14.67 | $0.15 | None | B001HZ098U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood L-Tyrosine 1,000 mg per serving (120 Capsules) | Double Wood | 1000 mg L-tyrosine / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $9.95 | $0.17 | None (third-party tested) | B0CLDVR7X8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray L-Tyrosine 500 mg (100 Capsules) | Solaray | 500 mg L-tyrosine / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 100 | $19.59 | $0.20 | None | B00020I1AY | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Lactoferrin

**Clinical dose:** 100-250 mg/day (iron/anemia trials); 200-600 mg/day (general-immune RCT); most retail capsules deliver 250-300 mg/day at 1 capsule — no dose shown superior on a clinical (not surrogate) endpoint
**Use cases:** iron-deficiency anemia (esp. pregnancy), general immune support; NOT shown effective for COVID-19 prevention or treatment
**Form verdict:** Apolactoferrin (iron-depleted) is the form used in most immune trials, but most labels don't disclose iron-saturation; two dedicated COVID-19 RCTs at 600-800 mg/day both missed their primary endpoints — do not buy this for COVID claims
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lactoferrin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lactoferrin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lactoferrin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lactoferrin/does-lactoferrin-boost-immunity/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lactoferrin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lactoferrin/for-iron-deficiency-anemia/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piping Rock Lactoferrin 300mg | Piping Rock | 300 mg lactoferrin / 1 capsule | 90 | $24.99 | $0.28 | None claimed | B0BMW3Q98B | lowest-cost-per-day | 2026-07-31 |
| Vitamatic Apolactoferrin 250mg | Vitamatic | 250 mg lactoferrin / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.99 | $0.33 | None claimed | B09RQK6XS3 | apolactoferrin-disclosed | 2026-08-01 |
| Best Naturals Lactoferrin 250mg | Best Naturals | 250 mg lactoferrin / 1 veggie capsule | 60 | $21.50 | $0.36 | None claimed | B07XYDNWDN | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Lactoferrin 300mg | Nutricost | 300 mg lactoferrin / 1 capsule | 60 | $29.95 | $0.50 | Third-party tested per label (brand claim) | B0CK41XN21 | best-value-studied-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Lactoferrin 250mg | Jarrow Formulas | 250 mg lactoferrin / 1 capsule | 60 | $42.99 | $0.72 | None claimed | B0013OQGBY | best-known-brand | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Lions Mane

**Clinical dose:** 0.5-3 g/day of dried fruiting-body powder, most commonly ~3 g/day, over 4-16 weeks; no officially established optimal dose or upper limit
**Use cases:** cognitive support / general wellness — evidence described by the page as early and inconsistent
**Form verdict:** Must say "fruiting body" (not just mushroom/mycelium) with a disclosed beta-glucan percentage, an extract ratio, and a lot-specific COA; many cheap products are mycelium grown on grain starch with no beta-glucan disclosed
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/forms-compared/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/fruiting-body-vs-mycelium/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lions-mane/how-long-to-work/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nootropics Depot Lion's Mane 8:1 Extract | Nootropics Depot | 300 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $32.99 | $0.55 | 3rd-party tested | B079ZBP341 | value-verified | 2026-08-01 |
| Real Mushrooms Lion's Mane (120 Capsules) | Real Mushrooms | 1000 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $34.95 | $0.58 | 3rd-party tested | B078SZX3ML | best-verified | 2026-08-01 |
| FreshCap Lion's Mane 14:1 (60 Capsules) | FreshCap | 1000 mg / 2 capsules | 30 | $34.99 | $1.16 | 3rd-party tested | B081FKDGSC | premium | 2026-08-01 |
| Host Defense Lion's Mane (Mycelium) | Host Defense | 2000 mg / 2 capsules | 30 | $47.21 | $1.57 | None | B00OVF9DVM | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Lutein Zeaxanthin

**Clinical dose:** AREDS2 dose: 10 mg lutein + 2 mg zeaxanthin/day (5:1 ratio), taken as part of the full AREDS2 multi-nutrient formula; no dose-response trial shows higher amounts work better
**Use cases:** eye health / age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression risk, in people who already have intermediate or advanced AMD
**Form verdict:** Match the AREDS2 5:1 ratio, not just the lutein headline mg — some retail products use very different ratios (e.g. 20:1) that deliver a meaningfully different zeaxanthin dose than what was actually tested
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lutein-zeaxanthin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lutein-zeaxanthin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lutein-zeaxanthin/areds2-vs-blue-light/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lutein-zeaxanthin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lutein-zeaxanthin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lutein-zeaxanthin/for-eye-health/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Zeaxanthin with Lutein 20 mg | Nutricost | 20 mg lutein / 1 softgel | 120 | $14.95 | $0.12 | None stated | B07Y2H11DP | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Lutein 20 mg with Zeaxanthin (FloraGlo) | Doctor's Best | 20 mg lutein / 1 softgel | 60 | $9.99 | $0.17 | None stated | B001C4R36W | cheapest | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Lutein 20 mg with Zeaxanthin | Jarrow Formulas | 20 mg lutein / 1 softgel | 120 | $27.83 | $0.23 | None stated | B01LWLIOCL | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension MacuGuard Ocular Support with Saffron | Life Extension | 20 mg lutein (per label; zeaxanthin/meso-zeaxanthin split unverified) / 1 softgel | 60 | $15.30 | $0.26 | None stated | B01HFREINK | meso-zeaxanthin-blend | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Lutein & Zeaxanthin | NOW Foods | 25 mg lutein / 1 softgel | 60 | $16.79 | $0.28 | None stated | B01LQEL9F8 | above-areds2-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Bausch + Lomb PreserVision AREDS 2 | Bausch + Lomb | 10 mg lutein / 2 softgels | 60 | $41.99 | $0.70 | None stated | B0DTY1893M | full-areds2-formula | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Lysine

**Clinical dose:** 1,000-3,000 mg/day, taken as a SUSTAINED daily dose (not just at first tingle) — see note for trial-specific floor/duration figures
**Use cases:** cold sore (HSV) recurrence prevention — page describes the evidence as mixed
**Form verdict:** A single 500 mg tablet once a day does NOT match any positive trial's dose; three other equally rigorous trials at similar doses found no benefit at all, so even a trial-matched dose is not a guarantee; powder is cheaper per gram for reaching 1-3 g/day
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lysine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lysine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lysine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lysine/does-lysine-prevent-cold-sores/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lysine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/lysine/for-cold-sores/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost L-Lysine Powder (500 g) | Nutricost | 1000 mg L-lysine / 1 scoop (1 g) | 500 | $15.95 | $0.10 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B079J3JWQF | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com L-Lysine Powder (500 g) | BulkSupplements | 1000 mg L-lysine / 1 g (1,000 mg, per label) | 500 | $19.97 | $0.12 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B00ENP215K | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Lysine 1,000 mg (240 Tablets) | Nutricost | 1000 mg L-lysine / 1 tablet | 240 | $19.95 | $0.25 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B0992S2SSQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar L-Lysine 1,000 mg (250 Tablets) | Solgar | 1000 mg L-lysine / 1 tablet | 250 | $23.01 | $0.28 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B00014WXQO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty L-Lysine 1,000 mg (60 Tablets) | Nature's Bounty | 1000 mg L-lysine / 1 tablet | 60 | $7.42 | $0.37 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B000PR35MS | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Maca

**Clinical dose:** 1,500-3,000 mg/day, most often 3,000 mg/day (= 4 capsules of a typical 750 mg capsule), for 12 weeks; no published trial has run past 12 weeks
**Use cases:** sexual desire/libido (modest evidence); separately, postmenopausal hormone/mood/blood-pressure markers
**Form verdict:** Most maca capsules are 750 mg — reaching the 3,000 mg studied dose needs 4 capsules a day, not one; 0 of 3 tracked products carry any third-party certification
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/maca/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/maca/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/maca/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/maca/color-varieties/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/maca/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/maca/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Maca Root 750 mg (180 Capsules, 180 Servings) | Nutricost | 750 mg maca root / 1 capsule | 180 | $15.95 | $0.35 | None | B016398GQG | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NusaPure Maca Root Black, Red & Yellow 750 mg (180 Vcaps, 180 Servings) | NusaPure | 750 mg maca root / 1 capsule | 180 | $30.00 | $0.67 | None | B09RWZCZG2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NusaPure Peruvian Black Maca Root 750 mg (200 Veg Capsules, 200 Servings) | NusaPure | 750 mg maca root / 1 capsule | 200 | $37.50 | $0.75 | None | B0CX1QKKL2 | premium-alt | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Magnesium Citrate

**Clinical dose:** 200-400 mg elemental magnesium/day
**Use cases:** general magnesium deficiency; bowel regularity / constipation relief (citrate's specific use)
**Form verdict:** citrate's osmotic pull into the bowel is a feature (not a bug) when constipation relief is the goal — it draws water into the bowel; well absorbed, clearly better than oxide, moderate GI effects at higher doses
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/magnesium-citrate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Magnesium Citrate 200 mg (250 Tablets) | NOW Foods | 400 mg / 2 tablets (400 mg elemental) | 125 | $24.49 | $0.20 | None | B000BV1O26 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Natural Vitality Calm Magnesium Citrate Powder (16 oz) | Natural Vitality | 325 mg / 2 tsp (4 g) powder in water | 113 | $21.79 | $0.24 | None | B00BPUY3W0 | convenience | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Magnesium Citrate 250 mg (120 Softgels) | Nature Made | 250 mg / 2 softgels (250 mg elemental) | 60 | $15.33 | $0.41 | USP Verified | B00CU3SX4K | best-verified | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Magnesium Glycinate

**Clinical dose:** 320-500 mg elemental magnesium/day (insomnia trials), taken 30-60 minutes before bed for sleep; keep total supplemental elemental magnesium at or below the NIH UL of 350 mg/day unless a clinician advises otherwise
**Use cases:** sleep, anxiety, everyday/general magnesium supplementation — the gentlest common form
**Form verdict:** Best-absorbed common form and gentlest on the stomach (the glycine component has its own calming/sleep effect) — default pick for sleep, anxiety, and general daily use; avoids the laxative effect seen with citrate and oxide
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/magnesium-glycinate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements Magnesium Glycinate Powder | BulkSupplements.com | 225 mg / 1250 mg powder (~1/2 tsp) | 200 | $19.97 | $0.18 | None | B00F7OZJQE | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Vitamin Shoppe Magnesium Glycinate 400mg | The Vitamin Shoppe | 400 mg / 2 tablets | 90 | $19.99 | $0.23 | None | B0DZLYHSVN | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best High Absorption Magnesium | Doctor's Best | 200 mg / 2 tablets | 60 | $13.99 | $0.46 | None | B00151G8L8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Magnesium Glycinate 200mg | Nature Made | 200 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $15.67 | $0.51 | USP Verified | B08XXHCGZT | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| KAL Magnesium Glycinate 400 | KAL | 400 mg / 2 tablets | 45 | $24.79 | $0.55 | None | B09K4H6H96 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Magnesium Bisglycinate | Thorne | 200 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $26.00 | $0.87 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0F5XYHRPV | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Magnesium L Threonate

**Clinical dose:** Typical dose ~2,000 mg magnesium L-threonate/day, providing only ~144 mg elemental magnesium (7.2% elemental by weight) — too little to serve as a sole magnesium source; a 2026 human RCT of 100 adults found improved cognition (p=0.043) at this dose
**Use cases:** cognitive support / brain magnesium — emerging evidence; NOT a substitute for general magnesium repletion
**Form verdict:** The only form shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and raise brain magnesium in animal studies; patented (Magtein) and pricier ($0.70-1.50/day vs $0.18-0.87 for glycinate) — reasonable for a cognitive-specific goal, but pair with glycinate for general magnesium/sleep needs since it can't cover the 300-400 mg elemental target alone
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/magnesium-l-threonate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double Wood Magnesium L-Threonate (120 Capsules) | Double Wood | 144 mg / 4 capsules (2,000 mg Magtein) | 30 | $29.95 | $1.00 | None | B01M4GM9R1 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Neuro-Mag Magnesium L-Threonate (90 Capsules) | Life Extension | 144 mg / 3 capsules (2,000 mg Magtein / 144 mg elemental) | 30 | $30.78 | $1.02 | None | B006P536E6 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Magtein Magnesium L-Threonate (90 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 144 mg / 3 capsules (2,000 mg Magtein) | 30 | $30.93 | $1.03 | None | B00JEZQAFG | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Magnesium Oxide

**Clinical dose:** no established clinical dose — see page
**Use cases:** antacid, acute constipation relief (NOT magnesium repletion/deficiency correction)
**Form verdict:** do not use oxide for magnesium repletion or deficiency correction — only about 4% bioavailable (96% passes through unabsorbed); its low absorption is useful only as the mechanism for an antacid or laxative, not as a systemic supplementation dose
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/magnesium/oxide-vs-glycinate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Made Magnesium Oxide 250 mg (200 Tablets) | Nature Made | 250 mg / 1 tablet (250 mg elemental) | 200 | $7.99 | $0.06 | None | B0002VG3QC | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Manganese

**Clinical dose:** 1.8-2.3 mg/day AI (women/men); UL 11 mg/day; AI-range retail tier is 6-10 mg/day
**Use cases:** bone/mineral formulas, general mineral support — most people don't need a standalone supplement
**Form verdict:** Pick the lowest AI-range dose (6-10mg elemental); avoid the 5 of 9 tracked products dosed 1.8-20x the UL; no RCT supports megadosing
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/manganese/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/manganese/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/manganese/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/manganese/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/manganese/for-bone-formulas/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/manganese/manganese-toxicity-manganism/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best Naturals Manganese 8mg | Best Naturals | 8 mg elemental manganese / 1 tablet | 250 | $9.99 | $0.04 | None stated | B0D1LQLV1P | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Source Naturals Manganese 10mg | Source Naturals | 10 mg elemental manganese / 1 tablet | 250 | $11.05 | $0.04 | None stated | B000EQ2S28 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements.com Manganese Gluconate Powder | BulkSupplements.com | 225 mg elemental manganese / 1 labeled serving (scoop) | 444 | $18.97 | $0.04 | None stated | B00HGULXH6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| SOLARAY Manganese Supplement 50mg | Solaray | 50 mg elemental manganese / 1 capsule | 100 | $8.49 | $0.08 | None stated | B00020I0QO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Chelated Manganese 8mg | Nutricost | 8 mg elemental manganese / 1 capsule | 120 | $11.95 | $0.10 | None stated | B09WBRPB8V | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlson Chelated Manganese 20mg | Carlson | 20 mg elemental manganese / 1 capsule | 100 | $10.03 | $0.10 | None stated | B06XRZZSRF | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Taste N' Score Manganese Liquid Ionic 6mg | Taste N' Score | 6 mg elemental manganese / 1 serving (dropper) | 118 | $18.50 | $0.16 | None stated | B00I2WWB64 | lowest-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Ecological Formulas Manganese Picolinate 20mg | Ecological Formulas | 20 mg elemental manganese / 1 capsule | 100 | $21.41 | $0.21 | None stated | B003TVD3U6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Albion Chelated Manganese Glycinate 40mg | Swanson | 40 mg elemental manganese / 1 capsule | 60 | $15.19 | $0.25 | None stated | B0BCLB7J6J | — | 2026-07-22 |

---

## Mct Oil

**Clinical dose:** Typical retail/study dose 15-45 g/day (1-3 tbsp); start at ~5g (1 tsp) and titrate up over 1-2 weeks to avoid GI distress
**Use cases:** ketosis support, exogenous ketone/energy source (keto-adjacent)
**Form verdict:** Pure C8 is most ketogenic per gram (~3x C10, ~6x C12/coconut); blends and coconut-derived oils are less potent and usually don't disclose the C8 ratio
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/mct-oil/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/mct-oil/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/mct-oil/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/mct-oil/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/mct-oil/for-ketosis/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/mct-oil/mct-oil-vs-coconut-oil/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sports Research Organic MCT Oil | Sports Research | 14 g / 1 tbsp (15mL) | 64 | $24.26 | $0.38 | None stated | B00XM0Y9SE | lowest-cost-per-serving | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Organic MCT Oil | Nature's Way | 14 g / 1 tbsp (15mL) | 32 | $17.88 | $0.56 | None stated | B0181U4TOI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Bulletproof C8 & C10 MCT Oil | Bulletproof | 14 g / 1 tbsp (15mL) | 32 | $18.99 | $0.59 | None stated | B00R7FFOLG | best-value-blend | 2026-08-01 |
| Bulletproof Brain Octane C8 MCT Oil | Bulletproof | 14 g / 1 tbsp (15mL) | 32 | $27.49 | $0.86 | None stated | B00P8E0QQG | most-ketogenic | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost C8 MCT Oil Powder (95% C8) | Nutricost | 15 g / 15g powder (standardized reference serving; check label scoop size for actual MCT content) | 30 | $28.95 | $0.97 | None stated | B071P7W9LX | most-c8-concentrated-powder | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Organic MCT Oil Powder | Sports Research | 15 g / 15g powder (standardized reference serving; check label scoop size for actual MCT content) | 20 | $22.46 | $1.13 | None stated | B06XRKBD7X | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Melatonin

**Clinical dose:** 0.5-1 mg for most adults, 30-60 min before bed; trials found this works about as well as 3-10 mg with less grogginess; benefit plateaus around 4mg
**Use cases:** sleep onset difficulty, jet lag, delayed sleep phase (night owl), shift work — not proven for staying asleep in healthy adults or for chronic insomnia
**Form verdict:** Pick a low dose (0.3-1mg) with third-party verification (USP/NSF) — independent testing found most products don't match label content, especially gummies
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/melatonin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/melatonin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/melatonin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/melatonin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/melatonin/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/melatonin/side-effects/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Made Melatonin 3 mg | Nature Made | 3 mg / 1 tablet | 240 | $10.73 | $0.05 | USP Verified | B005DEK990 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Melatonin 3 mg Quick Dissolve | Nature's Bounty | 3 mg / 1 tablet | 120 | $7.23 | $0.06 | None | B074NCHHQY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Melatonin 300 mcg | Life Extension | 0.3 mg / 1 capsule | 100 | $7.50 | $0.08 | None | B000X9QZZ2 | low-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Melatonin 6 Hour Timed Release 300 mcg | Life Extension | 0.3 mg / 1 tablet | 100 | $9.00 | $0.09 | None | B00CDABRUW | maintenance | 2026-08-01 |
| Natrol Melatonin 1 mg | Natrol | 1 mg / 1 tablet | 180 | $14.81 | $0.09 | None | B005GU1J4K | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Methylfolate

**Clinical dose:** ~400 mcg/day general (matches folate RDA); 400-800 mcg/day pregnancy; 7.5-15 mg/day is a prescription antidepressant-adjunct dose, ~37x the general dose
**Use cases:** general folate supplementation, pregnancy/preconception, elevated homocysteine; high-dose use for depression is a prescription add-on, not self-directed
**Form verdict:** You don't need an MTHFR test to justify methylfolate — folic acid works fine for most people; high-dose folate of any form can mask a B12 deficiency
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/methylfolate/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/methylfolate/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/methylfolate/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/methylfolate/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/methylfolate/for-depression/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/methylfolate/vs-folic-acid/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Extension Optimized Folate (L-Methylfolate) 1700 mcg | Life Extension | 1700 mcg / 1 tablet | 180 | $19.24 | $0.11 | None | B07LB63PFJ | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Methyl Folate 400 mcg | Jarrow Formulas | 400 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $10.08 | $0.16 | None | B007LEO3OW | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne 5-MTHF (Methylfolate) 1 mg | Thorne | 1000 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $24.00 | $0.40 | NSF Certified for Sport | B00FY8IQ7C | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Milk Thistle

**Clinical dose:** ~420 mg silymarin/day (about 200 mg 2-3x/day; studied range ~140-800 mg/day)
**Use cases:** liver support (elevated ALT/AST, adjunct use)
**Form verdict:** must be a standardized extract disclosing a silymarin % (typically ~70-80%) — silymarin mg = extract mg times silymarin %; most labels don't disclose it so the actual dose is often unverifiable, and only 5 of 12 tracked products disclose it
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/milk-thistle/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/milk-thistle/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/milk-thistle/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/milk-thistle/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/milk-thistle/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/milk-thistle/silymarin-label-trap/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swanson Full Spectrum Milk Thistle 500 mg (100 Capsules) | Swanson | 500 mg milk thistle seed / 1 capsule (500 mg) | 100 | $11.09 | $0.11 | None | B003QB0QIQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach Milk Thistle 3000 mg, 4:1 Extract (300 Capsules) | Horbaach | 3000 mg milk thistle (4:1 equiv) / 2 capsules (3000 mg equiv) | 150 | $16.99 | $0.11 | None | B08BJ8Y4W2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Silymarin Milk Thistle Extract 300 mg, Double Strength (100 Capsules) | NOW Foods | 300 mg milk thistle extract / 1 capsule (300 mg) | 100 | $17.35 | $0.17 | None (GMP) | B0013OSRV6 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Milk Thistle 150 mg, 30:1 Standardized (100 Capsules) | Jarrow Formulas | 150 mg milk thistle extract / 1 capsule (150 mg) | 100 | $16.51 | $0.17 | None (Non-GMO) | B000I4FCAG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Milk Thistle 1000 mg, Rapid Release Softgels (50 ct) | Nature's Bounty | 1000 mg milk thistle / 1 softgel (1000 mg) | 50 | $9.07 | $0.19 | None | B002QMB63A | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Milk Thistle, 175 mg Seed Extract, 80% Silymarin (120 Capsules) | Nature's Way | 175 mg milk thistle extract / 1 capsule (175 mg) | 120 | $31.70 | $0.26 | None (TRU-ID authenticated) | B000R2X33M | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Silymarin 250 mg (120 Capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 250 mg milk thistle extract / 1 capsule (250 mg) | 120 | $45.00 | $0.38 | None (hypoallergenic) | B07BSKQ5NJ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Himalaya Milk Thistle Liver Support 350 mg (60 Capsules) | Himalaya | 350 mg herb blend / 1 capsule (350 mg) | 60 | $26.00 | $0.43 | USDA Organic + Non-GMO Verified | B0D9HY5CZ2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Milk Thistle One Daily, Seed Extract 350 mg (60 Capsules) | Solaray | 350 mg milk thistle extract / 1 capsule (350 mg) | 60 | $30.67 | $0.51 | None (lab verified) | B000NIAVT4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Milk Thistle Phytosome (Siliphos) (90 Capsules) | Thorne | null mg silybin phytosome / 1 capsule | 90 | $48.00 | $0.54 | Third-party certified (Thorne) | B001PLKZKI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne S.A.T. — Milk Thistle + Artichoke + Turmeric (60 Capsules) | Thorne | null mg herb blend / 1 capsule | 60 | $47.00 | $0.78 | Third-party certified (Thorne) | B0012TME2U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Gaia Herbs Milk Thistle Seed, Liquid Phyto-Caps (120 Capsules) | Gaia Herbs | null mg milk thistle seed / 3 capsules | 40 | $51.29 | $1.28 | None | B005ACNNLG | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Msm

**Clinical dose:** Trial range 1.5-6 g/day; osteoarthritis pilots ~3-6 g/day, exercise-recovery pilots 1.5-3 g/day; a practical target is ~3 g/day
**Use cases:** knee osteoarthritis pain/function, exercise-recovery soreness (modest, mixed evidence)
**Form verdict:** Same molecule (dimethyl sulfone) in every product — buy the cheapest per gram; OptiMSM buys documented purity/traceability, not a proven better effect
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/msm/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/msm/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/msm/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/msm/cost-per-gram/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/msm/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/msm/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Pure MSM Powder 500 g | Nutricost | 1000 mg MSM / 1 g | 500 | $15.95 | $0.03 | None | B01BCR9852 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way MSM 1000 mg (200 Tablets) | Nature's Way | 1000 mg MSM / 1 tablet | 200 | $14.24 | $0.07 | None | B00016AHIS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW MSM 1000 mg (240 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg MSM / 1 capsule | 240 | $20.36 | $0.08 | None | B0013OUPXE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BESTVITE MSM 1000 mg with OptiMSM (240 Capsules) | BESTVITE | 1000 mg MSM / 1 capsule | 240 | $24.99 | $0.10 | None | B007G420RO | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements MSM Powder 500 g | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg MSM / 3 g | 167 | $19.97 | $0.12 | None | B00AY915BK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best MSM 1500 mg with OptiMSM (120 Tablets) | Doctor's Best | 1500 mg MSM / 1 tablet | 120 | $13.98 | $0.12 | None | B000NRXNRC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Horbaach MSM 1500 mg (240 Capsules) | Horbaach | 1500 mg MSM / 2 capsules | 120 | $13.99 | $0.12 | None | B0CXZFLML8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best MSM Powder with OptiMSM (8.8 oz) | Doctor's Best | 2400 mg MSM / 1 scoop | 104 | $14.98 | $0.14 | None | B000BD4DIQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost MSM 2000 mg (240 Tablets) | Nutricost | 2000 mg MSM / 2 tablets | 120 | $17.95 | $0.15 | None | B09V1VJTGB | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas MSM 1000 mg (200 Veg Capsules) | Jarrow Formulas | 1000 mg MSM / 1 capsule | 200 | $28.99 | $0.15 | None | B0001TNVEM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements MSM 3000 mg (240 Capsules) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg MSM / 4 capsules | 60 | $18.97 | $0.32 | None | B0B9Q9P9JZ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Kala Health OptiMSM Powder (250 g) | Kala Health | 1000 mg MSM / 1 tsp | 100 | $39.99 | $0.40 | None | B07RSYHXQB | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Glucosamine Chondroitin MSM with OptiMSM (360 Capsules) | Doctor's Best | 0 mg MSM / 4 capsules | 90 | $45.99 | $0.51 | None | B00KH6Q8X0 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Multivitamin

**Clinical dose:** no established clinical dose — see page
**Use cases:** general nutrient gap-filling (folate in pregnancy, B12 for over-60/vegan/metformin/PPI users, restricted diets)
**Form verdict:** no universal multivitamin 'dose' exists — take exactly the labeled serving (one tablet for a one-a-day, or two split between meals for a two-a-day) with a fat-containing meal; more is not proven better, and stacking two multivitamins is the most common way people exceed safe upper limits
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/multivitamin/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NATURELO One Daily Multivitamin for Women | NATURELO | 0 multi / 1 capsule | 60 | $23.95 | $0.40 | None | B01FYD6U06 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Basic Nutrients 2/Day | Thorne | 0 multi / 2 capsules | 30 | $36.00 | $1.20 | NSF Certified for Sport | B00FOTMGTU | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Ritual Essential for Women 18+ Multivitamin | Ritual | 0 multi / 2 capsules | 30 | $36.98 | $1.23 | USP Verified | B09W35DHLH | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Myo Inositol

**Clinical dose:** 2-4 g/day myo-inositol for PCOS (typically 2 g twice daily)
**Use cases:** PCOS (insulin resistance, ovulation, menstrual regularity)
**Form verdict:** the 40:1 myo:D-chiro-inositol ratio is the common commercial formula and physiologically plausible, but treat it as a reasonable default rather than settled science — much of the '40:1 is superior' literature is industry-linked and two key papers now carry formal editorial concerns
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/myo-inositol/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/myo-inositol/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/myo-inositol/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/myo-inositol/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/myo-inositol/for-pcos/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/myo-inositol/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/myo-inositol/ovasitol-vs-generic-inositol/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micro Ingredients Myo & D-Chiro Inositol Powder 40:1 | Micro Ingredients | 2050 mg / 1 scoop (2.05 g) | 221 | $34.95 | $0.16 | None | B0DGRG846L | bulk-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Wholesome Story Myo-Inositol & D-Chiro Inositol 40:1 | Wholesome Story | 2050 mg / 4 capsules | 30 | $27.95 | $0.93 | None | B07HX2DMY8 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Ovasitol by Theralogix 90-day supply | Theralogix | 2050 mg / 2 packets | 90 | $86.68 | $0.97 | NSF Certified | B0CT6LK1JS | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Nac

**Clinical dose:** 600-1,200 mg/day general; 600 mg once or twice daily for mucus; 1,200-2,400 mg/day in mental-health add-on studies, split AM/PM
**Use cases:** mucus/chronic bronchitis/COPD adjunct, general antioxidant/glutathione support; mental health (OCD, trichotillomania, mood) only as an add-on to existing treatment — promising, not proven
**Form verdict:** Oral NAC has low, single-digit-percent bioavailability regardless of food; split doses above ~600mg; caution combining with nitrate medications or blood thinners
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/nac/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nac/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nac/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nac/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nac/for-liver-glutathione/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nac/for-mental-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nac/how-long-to-work/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Extension NAC 600mg | Life Extension | 600 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $9.08 | $0.15 | None | B008ML8D4O | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas NAC Sustain 600mg | Jarrow Formulas | 600 mg / 1 tablet | 60 | $20.18 | $0.34 | None | B0013OVVK0 | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Supplements NAC 600mg | NOW Foods | 600 mg / 2 capsules | 50 | $21.85 | $0.44 | None | B0013OUQ3S | best-value | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Nmn

**Clinical dose:** 250 mg/day is the single most-used trial dose (4 of 8 verified trials); dose-ranging data suggests 600-1200 mg/day outperforms 300mg on walking-distance/aerobic outcomes; safety tested only to 1250 mg/day for 4 weeks
**Use cases:** walking speed/gait, aerobic capacity, NAD+ elevation (functional trial results are mixed — several primary endpoints were null)
**Form verdict:** Purity/third-party-testing disclosure matters more than price for NMN — ChromaDex's 2021 test of 22 top-selling brands found 64% had under 1% of claimed NMN and 14% had zero
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nmn/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nmn/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nmn/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nmn/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nmn/for-physical-performance/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nmn/nmn-vs-nr/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toniiq Stabilized NMN 300 mg | Toniiq | 300 mg NMN / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.97 | $0.33 | Third-party tested (brand claim); 98% purity claimed | B081QL1TJG | trial-dose-match | 2026-08-01 |
| Toniiq NMN 1200 mg | Toniiq | 1200 mg NMN / 1 capsule | 60 | $29.97 | $0.50 | Third-party tested (brand claim); 98% purity claimed | B0B8HWTHXH | high-dose-trial-match | 2026-08-01 |
| Genex Formulas NMN 500 mg | Genex Formulas | 500 mg NMN / 1 capsule | 60 | $29.99 | $0.50 | GMP-certified facility (brand claim); 99% purity claim, no third-party testing disclosed | B085B63K3R | cheapest-per-mg | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood NMN 125 mg | Double Wood | 125 mg NMN / 1 capsule | 60 | $32.95 | $0.55 | 99% purity claim (brand-stated, no third-party testing disclosed) | B07SVG5N45 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Renue By Science NMN Powder | Renue By Science | 500 mg NMN / 1 scoop (~0.5g) | 57 | $54.95 | $0.96 | Third-party tested (brand claim); brand publishes its own competitor-testing program (disclosed as a brand claim, not independently confirmed by us) | B0CX8XKZH3 | powder-mid-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| ProHealth Longevity NMN Pro 1000 (Uthever) | ProHealth Longevity | 1000 mg NMN / 2 capsules | 60 | $64.85 | $1.08 | Uthever branded raw material (traceable, used in published human trials); triple lab-tested (brand claim) | B09JL8DS1W | named-raw-material | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Nr

**Clinical dose:** Conze 2019's dose-response arms were 100/300/1000 mg/day; most functional/mechanistic trials (Martens, Elhassan, NADPARK) used 1000 mg/day; two trials used 2000 mg/day; retail flagship Tru Niagen ships at only 300 mg/day
**Use cases:** NAD+ elevation; walking distance/aerobic capacity, muscle mitochondrial function (functional/clinical endpoints in these trials were mostly null)
**Form verdict:** Only two products cleared live-price verification (a near-duopoly tied to NR patent litigation); Tru Niagen is the Niagen-branded, cheaper option, Thorne NiaCel is NSF Certified for Sport but pricier and uses a different (non-Niagen) NR source
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nr/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nr/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nr/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nr/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nr/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/nr/for-nad-elevation/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thorne NiaCel 400 | Thorne | 415 mg NR / 1 capsule | 60 | $74.00 | $1.23 | NSF Certified for Sport; third-party tested. Thorne's own NR hydrogen malate form, not Niagen-branded. | B08WPXPTD8 | nsf-certified-alternative | 2026-08-01 |
| Tru Niagen 300mg | Tru Niagen | 300 mg NR / 1 capsule | 30 | $49.00 | $1.63 | Niagen-branded (ChromaDex/Niagen Bioscience) — the exact ingredient behind Conze 2019's manufacturer-run dose-response/safety trial | B07TK5K5TQ | niagen-branded-flagship | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Omega 3

**Clinical dose:** 250-500 mg combined EPA+DHA/day for general health; ~1 g/day for established heart disease; 2-4 g/day for high triglycerides (prescription-strength, under medical supervision)
**Use cases:** general cardiovascular health, high triglycerides, mood/depression (EPA-dominant formulas), joint/rheumatoid arthritis — NOT supported for dry eye (large RCT found no benefit)
**Form verdict:** Read the EPA+DHA line on the Supplement Facts panel, not the 'fish oil' mg on the front — only about 9% of tested supplements delivered a therapeutic (>=2g) dose despite carrying heart-health claims
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/omega-3/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/best-for-brain/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/best-for-joint-pain/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/best-for-triglycerides/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/epa-vs-dha/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/forms-compared/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/nordic-naturals-vs-now-foods/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/omega-3/omega-3-index-test/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Ultra Omega-3 (750mg EPA+DHA) | NOW Foods | 750 mg EPA+DHA / 1 softgel | 180 | $28.94 | $0.48 | None | B000SE5SY6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Viva Naturals Triple Strength Omega-3 (2500mg) | Viva Naturals | 2070 mg EPA+DHA / 2 softgels | 90 | $53.95 | $0.60 | IFOS 5-Star | B014LDT0ZM | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Triple Strength Omega-3 (1250mg) | Sports Research | 950 mg EPA+DHA / 1 softgel | 90 | $27.95 | $0.62 | IFOS 5-Star, MSC Certified | B07DX89ZHN | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlson Elite Omega-3 Gems (1600mg Omega-3) | Carlson | 1400 mg EPA+DHA / 2 softgels | 65 | $42.42 | $0.93 | IFOS 5-Star | B081VWWGCZ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nordic Naturals Ultimate Omega (1280mg Omega-3) | Nordic Naturals | 1100 mg EPA+DHA / 2 softgels | 90 | $64.56 | $1.43 | IFOS 5-Star | B002CQU564 | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Nordic Naturals Algae Omega (715mg Omega-3, Vegan) | Nordic Naturals | 585 mg EPA+DHA / 2 softgels | 60 | $42.49 | $2.41 | Certified Vegan | B009KTUGSS | plant-based | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Phosphatidylserine

**Clinical dose:** 300 mg/day for memory (100 mg x3); 600-800 mg/day for cortisol/exercise stress
**Use cases:** age-related memory/cognition, cortisol/exercise stress, pediatric ADHD
**Form verdict:** Source matters more than dose: bovine-cortex PS (the positive-trial ingredient) is discontinued, so every product today is soy or sunflower — a different substance per EFSA. Favor a branded, traceable raw material (Sharp-PS or SerinAid) over undisclosed source.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/phosphatidylserine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/phosphatidylserine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/phosphatidylserine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/phosphatidylserine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/phosphatidylserine/fda-claim-explained/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/phosphatidylserine/for-memory/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor's Best Phosphatidylserine (SerinAid) | Doctor's Best | 100 mg phosphatidylserine / 1 capsule | 120 | $29.99 | $0.25 | SerinAid® branded raw material (Chemi Nutra, soy-derived, traceable supply chain) | B0036FWOJQ | best-value-branded-soy | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Phosphatidyl Serine 100mg | NOW Foods | 100 mg phosphatidylserine / 1 capsule | 120 | $37.02 | $0.31 | No third-party PS-content testing disclosed; no branded raw material named | B0013OXFTU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Phosphatidylserine 300mg | Double Wood | 300 mg phosphatidylserine / 2 capsules | 60 | $20.95 | $0.35 | Non-GMO soy, standardized to 20%, HPLC/ISO-17025 tested per brand site | B079YF1K1B | cheapest-per-mg-trial-dose-match | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Ultra Sunflower Phosphatidylserine (Sharp-PS Green) | Swanson | 100 mg phosphatidylserine / 1 softgel | 90 | $38.59 | $0.43 | Sharp-PS® Green branded raw material (sunflower-derived, genuinely soy-free, traceable supply chain) | B07F91122K | genuine-soy-free-sunflower | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas PS-100 (Sharp-PS) | Jarrow Formulas | 100 mg phosphatidylserine / 1 capsule | 120 | $60.99 | $0.51 | Sharp-PS® branded raw material (soy-derived, traceable supply chain) | B0013OXA8G | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Phosphatidylserine 400mg (Soy-Free) | Nutricost | 400 mg phosphatidylserine / 4 capsules | 30 | $23.95 | $0.80 | Labeled soy-free; no third-party PS-content testing disclosed | B08XYDDXDC | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Pine Bark Extract

**Clinical dose:** 100-200 mg/day of genuine Pycnogenol (French maritime pine bark extract)
**Use cases:** circulation/blood pressure, endothelial function, chronic venous insufficiency
**Form verdict:** Genuine trademarked Pycnogenol is the ingredient nearly every positive trial tested; generic pine bark extract has never been tested head-to-head against it and is not proven equivalent, even at a matching mg or standardization percentage.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pine-bark-extract/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pine-bark-extract/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pine-bark-extract/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pine-bark-extract/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pine-bark-extract/for-circulation-and-blood-pressure/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pine-bark-extract/pycnogenol-vs-generic-pine-bark-extract/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Pine Bark Extract 300mg (Generic, 95% Standardized, 20:1 Extract) | Nutricost | 300 mg pine bark extract / 1 capsule | 180 | $14.95 | $0.08 | None claimed | B09F13RHPZ | best-generic-disclosed | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Naturals Pine Bark Extract 100mg (Generic, No Standardization Disclosed) | Pure Naturals | 100 mg pine bark extract / 1 veg capsule | 60 | $6.99 | $0.12 | None claimed | B0CN1F6GMF | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BESTVITE Pycnogenol 100mg (Genuine, Trademarked) | BESTVITE | 100 mg Pycnogenol® / 1 capsule | 120 | $76.99 | $0.64 | Labeled Pycnogenol® (Horphag Research trademark) | B07D2LRHL3 | best-genuine-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Healthy Origins Pycnogenol 100mg (Genuine, Clinically Studied) | Healthy Origins | 100 mg Pycnogenol® / 1 veg capsule | 120 | $94.99 | $0.79 | "100% Clinically Studied French Maritime Pine Bark Extract"; labeled Pycnogenol® | B00C3PKYCE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Pycnogenol 100mg (Genuine, 65% Procyanidins Stated) | Life Extension | 100 mg Pycnogenol® / 1 capsule | 60 | $51.75 | $0.86 | Labeled Pycnogenol®; "std. to 65% procyanidins" stated on label | B00B0YI97Q | pct-disclosed | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Pycnogenol 100mg (Genuine, Small Bottle) | Solgar | 100 mg Pycnogenol® / 1 veg capsule | 30 | $45.64 | $1.52 | Labeled Pycnogenol® (Horphag Research trademark); reputable long-standing brand | B00CQ7UIMA | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Potassium

**Clinical dose:** Dietary target 3,400 mg/day (men) / 2,600 mg/day (women); OTC supplement pills are capped at 99 mg elemental potassium (~2-3% of the daily target) and are a top-up, not a way to meet the target
**Use cases:** general dietary potassium adequacy; kidney-stone prevention (citrate); diagnosed hypokalemia (chloride, prescription-strength)
**Form verdict:** No single best form — it depends on purpose: citrate for kidney-stone prevention, chloride for diagnosed deficiency (usually prescription-strength), gluconate for a mild everyday top-up. All OTC pills are capped near 99 mg elemental regardless of the big compound-weight number on the label (e.g. "550 mg potassium gluconate" = ~90 mg actual potassium).
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/potassium/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/potassium/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/potassium/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/potassium/citrate-vs-gluconate/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/potassium/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/potassium/is-it-safe/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best Naturals Potassium Chloride 99 mg (400 tablets, 3rd-party tested) | Best Naturals | 99 mg / 1 tablet (99 mg elemental potassium) | 400 | $16.99 | $0.04 | Third-party lab tested (brand claim) | B09XRTL8X6 | best-tested | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Potassium Citrate 99 mg (180 caps) | NOW Foods | 99 mg / 1 capsule (99 mg elemental potassium) | 180 | $9.17 | $0.05 | NOW GMP / Non-GMO | B001AWWC1W | best-citrate | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Potassium Gluconate 99 mg (100 caplets) | Nature's Bounty | 99 mg / 1 caplet (99 mg elemental potassium) | 100 | $5.05 | $0.05 | None | B000GG86X6 | budget | 2026-07-26 |

---

## Pqq

**Clinical dose:** 20 mg/day (most-used trial dose, 5 of 12 verified trials; also the most common retail dose); trial range 10-21.5 mg/day
**Use cases:** cognition/memory support, cerebral blood flow, general mitochondrial/energy support
**Form verdict:** BioPQQ (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical's branded, trial-traceable ingredient) is preferred over generic PQQ disodium salt, which is chemically the same molecule but carries no supply-chain link to the cited trials.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pqq/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pqq/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pqq/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pqq/does-pqq-actually-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pqq/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/pqq/for-cognition-and-memory/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost PQQ 20 mg | Nutricost | 20 mg PQQ (disodium salt, generic) / 1 capsule | 60 | $17.94 | $0.30 | Generic PQQ disodium salt; label states "3rd party tested" (a purity claim, not a named branded-raw-material or trial-traceability disclosure) | B07BH4JG35 | cheapest-per-mg | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods PQQ Energy | NOW Foods | 20 mg PQQ (BioPQQ) + 30mg CoQ10 + 200mg acetyl-L-carnitine + 1000mcg B12 (combo) / 1 capsule | 30 | $16.83 | $0.55 | Combo product: 20mg BioPQQ™ + 30mg CoQ10 + 200mg acetyl-L-carnitine + 1000mcg B12 — NOT a pure PQQ product | B00NY343XA | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension PQQ Caps 20 mg | Life Extension | 20 mg PQQ (BioPQQ™) / 1 capsule | 30 | $20.79 | $0.69 | BioPQQ™ (Mitsubishi Gas Chemical) branded raw material — the same traceable ingredient used in most of the human PQQ trials cited on this site | B00B35AB4Q | branded-ingredient-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas PQQ 20 mg | Jarrow Formulas | 20 mg PQQ (disodium salt, generic) / 1 capsule | 30 | $29.36 | $0.98 | Generic PQQ disodium salt from a reputable manufacturer; the label does not name BioPQQ or another branded raw material | B00C1E7SHQ | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Probiotics

**Clinical dose:** no established clinical dose — see page
**Use cases:** digestive health, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, IBS (effects are strain-specific)
**Form verdict:** CFU count is the wrong shopping metric — effects are strain-specific (e.g. L. rhamnosus GG, B. infantis 35624), not CFU-dosed; match the strain to the condition first, then use whatever CFU amount that strain's own trials used
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/probiotics/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/align-vs-digestive-advantage/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-for-antibiotic-diarrhea/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-for-bloating/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-for-ibs/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-for-immune-support/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-for-travel/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-for-vaginal-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/seed-vs-culturelle/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/probiotics/strain-matcher/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schiff Digestive Advantage Daily Probiotic (2B CFU BC30, 60ct) | Schiff | 2 billion CFU / 1 capsule | 80 | $24.00 | $0.29 | None | B01ND16K2I | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Culturelle Daily Probiotic (10B CFU, 30ct) | Culturelle | 10 billion CFU / 1 capsule | 30 | $17.47 | $0.59 | None | B0025ASIRK | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Fem-Dophilus (5B CFU GR-1/RC-14, 30ct) | Jarrow Formulas | 5 billion CFU / 1 capsule | 30 | $24.49 | $0.82 | None | B0013OUK3E | best-value | — |
| Florastor Daily Probiotic (250mg S. boulardii, 30ct) | Florastor | 250 mg / 1 capsule | 30 | $26.99 | $0.90 | None | B01N4E0LVB | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Align Probiotic (1B CFU B. infantis 35624, 28ct) | Align | 1 billion CFU / 1 capsule | 28 | $26.86 | $0.96 | None | B00I3MTF9E | quality | 2026-06-04 |
| Visbiome High Potency Probiotic (112.5B CFU, 60ct) | Visbiome | 112.5 billion CFU / 1 capsule | 60 | $73.95 | $1.23 | None | B01D1Z57PI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Seed DS-01 Daily Synbiotic (53.6B AFU, 60ct) | Seed | 53.6 billion AFU / 2 capsules | 30 | $59.99 | $2.00 | None | B0CMJR4XGR | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Protein

**Clinical dose:** 0.8 g/kg/day minimum (RDA floor); 1.2-1.6 g/kg/day active; 1.6-2.2 g/kg/day to build muscle (no added benefit above ~1.6); 1.8-2.7 g/kg/day when dieting; 1.0-1.2+ g/kg/day over 65
**Use cases:** general health/maintenance, active lifestyle, muscle building (resistance training), fat loss with muscle retention, older adults (muscle preservation)
**Form verdict:** Whey/animal protein has a small edge over plant protein for building muscle per gram (higher leucine, faster digestibility); powder itself is a convenience format with no benefit over the same protein from food.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/protein/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/protein/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/protein/best-for-glp1/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/protein/best-for-weight-loss/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/protein/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/protein/dosage-guide/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garden of Life Organic Plant-Based Protein | Garden of Life | 22 g protein / 1 scoop (33g) | 28 | $34.19 | $1.22 | USDA Organic, NSF Certified for Sport | B0031JK96C | plant-based | 2026-08-01 |
| Optimum Nutrition Gold Standard 100% Whey Isolate | Optimum Nutrition | 24 g protein / 1 scoop (31g) | 74 | $96.28 | $1.30 | Informed Sport Certified | B000QSNYGI | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Dymatize ISO100 Hydrolyzed Whey Protein Isolate | Dymatize | 25 g protein / 1 scoop (32g) | 76 | $102.94 | $1.34 | Informed Sport Certified | B000GIPJ0M | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Transparent Labs 100% Grass-Fed Whey Protein Isolate | Transparent Labs | 28 g protein / 1 scoop (33g) | 30 | $59.99 | $2.00 | Informed Sport Certified | B0CQ32D39X | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Premier Protein Shake (30g Protein, Ready-to-Drink) | Premier Protein | 30 g protein / 1 shake (11.5 fl oz) | 12 | $23.97 | $2.00 | None | B008JGIZNQ | convenience | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Psyllium

**Clinical dose:** 5-10 g/day for constipation; 7 g/day soluble fiber minimum for the FDA cholesterol claim (flagship trial used 10.2 g/day); ~10 g/day dosed before meals for glycemic control
**Use cases:** constipation/regularity, high cholesterol (FDA-authorized claim), blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes
**Form verdict:** Plain psyllium husk powder is the best value; format (husk powder vs capsules vs Metamucil) doesn't change the underlying fiber, but every dose must be taken with a full glass of water — this is an FDA-mandated safety warning, not boilerplate, because psyllium can swell in the throat if taken dry.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/psyllium/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/psyllium/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/psyllium/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/psyllium/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/psyllium/for-cholesterol/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/psyllium/husk-vs-powder-vs-capsules/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Psyllium Husk Caps, 500mg (500 Veg Capsules) | NOW Foods | 500 mg / 1 capsule (500mg) | 500 | $23.09 | $0.05 | None listed | B0013OW2KS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Metamucil Psyllium Husk Powder, Unflavored Original, with Sugar (114 servings) | Metamucil | 3.4 g / 1 rounded tsp (~5.8 g) | 114 | $26.99 | $0.24 | None listed | B0013I4WJS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Metamucil 4-in-1 Psyllium, Sugar-Free (72 servings) | Metamucil | 3.4 g / 1 rounded tsp (~5.8 g) | 72 | $17.97 | $0.25 | None listed | B000052Y5Q | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Organic India Whole Psyllium Husk Powder (12 oz) | Organic India | 5 g / ~1 tsp (est., see note) | 68 | $18.99 | $0.28 | USDA Organic (per brand listing) | B000I7G9KK | — | 2026-07-26 |
| Konsyl Daily Psyllium Fiber Powder (19 oz) | Konsyl | 5 g / 1 tsp (6 g) | 90 | $25.99 | $0.29 | Single-ingredient psyllium husk | B0D1DB2D6V | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Yerba Prima Psyllium Whole Husk, Untreated (12 oz) | Yerba Prima | 5 g / ~1 tsp (est., see note) | 68 | $19.99 | $0.29 | None listed | B00013YYKS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Psyllium Husk Powder, Organic (12 oz) | NOW Foods | 7 g / 1 tbsp (9 g) | 38 | $14.10 | $0.37 | Non-GMO Project Verified, USDA Organic | B002N0OFEM | best-value | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Quercetin

**Clinical dose:** Plain: 500-1000 mg/day (blood-pressure effect not statistically significant below 500mg/day per Serban 2016); Phytosome (Quercefit): 200 mg/day
**Use cases:** blood pressure (plain quercetin), allergic rhinitis symptoms (phytosome quercetin)
**Form verdict:** Plain and phytosome quercetin are NOT dose-equivalent — phytosome reaches up to 20x higher plasma levels at the same labeled mg (Riva 2019) — so never substitute one form for the other milligram-for-milligram.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/quercetin/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/quercetin/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/quercetin/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/quercetin/does-quercetin-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/quercetin/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/quercetin/for-blood-pressure/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor's Best Quercetin Bromelain | Doctor's Best | 500 mg quercetin / 1 capsule | 180 | $29.99 | $0.17 | None claimed | B000NRYTPM | cheapest-plain-bromelain | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Quercetin 500 mg | Jarrow Formulas | 500 mg quercetin / 1 capsule | 200 | $52.94 | $0.26 | None claimed | B0013OULOC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Quercetin 1000 mg | Nutricost | 1000 mg quercetin / 2 capsules | 60 | $19.95 | $0.33 | None claimed | B09HL2RWK3 | cheapest-plain-bp-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Quercetin with Bromelain | NOW Foods | 800 mg quercetin / 2 veg capsules | 60 | $23.34 | $0.40 | None claimed | B0013OSQ5I | budget-plain-bromelain | 2026-08-01 |
| Quercetin Complete (Quercefit Phytosome + Bromelain, Zinc, Vitamin C) | Quercetin Complete | 500 mg quercetin (phytosome) / 1 capsule | 60 | $26.99 | $0.45 | None claimed | B09ZBGBFYB | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Quercetin Phytosome | Thorne | 250 mg quercetin (phytosome) / 1 capsule | 60 | $46.00 | $0.77 | None independently confirmed on this fetch (Thorne brand-level manufacturing standards) | B0797DQTVZ | phytosome-name-brand | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Rhodiola

**Clinical dose:** 200-400 mg/day for stress and fatigue; over 600 mg/day for endurance; 340-680 mg/day for mood (extract standardized to ~3% rosavins/1% salidroside)
**Use cases:** stress/mental fatigue, endurance/exercise performance, low mood/mild depression
**Form verdict:** Rosavin content — not extract weight — is what matters; rosavins are the Rhodiola rosea species fingerprint, and 20-40% of products are mislabeled or the wrong species (often substituting cheaper R. crenulata, which shares salidroside but not rosavins).
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/rhodiola/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/rhodiola/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/rhodiola/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/rhodiola/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/rhodiola/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/rhodiola/is-it-real/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double Wood Rhodiola Rosea 500 mg | Double Wood | 500 mg extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $17.95 | $0.15 | ISO/IEC 17025 COA | B07FV1G432 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Bronson Rhodiola Rosea 1000 mg | Bronson | 1000 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $9.99 | $0.17 | GMP; no potency COA | B0BYK8WYT4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Rhodiola Extract 250 mg | Life Extension | 250 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $13.50 | $0.23 | GMP; no third-party COA | B000M6Y70G | pick-budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Zazzee Organic Rhodiola 10:1 Extract | Zazzee | 300 mg extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $29.97 | $0.24 | "ISO lab tested"; no potency COA | B0CDV4DWH5 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Rhodiola Rosea 100 mg | Pure Encapsulations | 100 mg extract / 1 capsule | 90 | $23.50 | $0.26 | cGMP; no third-party COA | B0016RRPWC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Momentous Rhodiola Rosea 100 mg | Momentous | 100 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $19.95 | $0.33 | NSF Certified for Sport + COA | B0BX4RJC4P | pick-quality | 2026-07-26 |
| Thorne Rhodiola 100 mg | Thorne | 100 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $24.00 | $0.40 | cGMP; no third-party COA | B0009DTKJU | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Gaia Herbs Rhodiola Rosea | Gaia Herbs | 120 mg extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $49.49 | $0.41 | Purity-tested; no COA | B00HGA994K | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Rhodiola 500 mg | NOW Foods | 500 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $24.99 | $0.42 | GMP; no third-party COA | B0768PCCDX | pick-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Toniiq Triple-Strength Rhodiola 600 mg | Toniiq | 600 mg extract / 2 capsules | 60 | $24.97 | $0.42 | Publishes a COA | B0751HBW2F | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nootropics Depot Rhodiola Rosea 500 mg (3% Rosavins) | Nootropics Depot | 500 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $30.99 | $0.52 | Third-party tested, published per-lot COA | B0775B46M3 | pick-tested | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Saffron

**Clinical dose:** 30 mg/day of a standardized extract (usually 15 mg twice daily), 6-8 weeks; branded affron extract uses 28 mg/day
**Use cases:** mild-to-moderate low mood/depression, anxiety (secondary outcome), PMS/PMDD
**Form verdict:** Standardization (crocin/safranal content), not the milligram number, is what to buy on — saffron is heavily adulterated (~20-30%), so a disclosed 30mg standardized extract is more trustworthy than an undisclosed 88mg 'saffron extract.'
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saffron/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saffron/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saffron/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saffron/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saffron/for-depression/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saffron/is-it-real/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Saffron Extract 88.5 mg (0.3% safranal) | Nutricost | 88 mg extract / 1 capsule | 240 | $19.95 | $0.08 | None stated | B09DTN7P4W | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Saffron Extract 88.5 mg (0.3% safranal) | Double Wood | 88 mg extract / 1 capsule | 210 | $19.95 | $0.10 | Third-party tested (COA) | B085RB2PR9 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Mother Nutrient Saffron Extract 88.5 mg | Mother Nutrient | 88 mg extract / 1 capsule | 240 | $33.89 | $0.14 | None stated | B07Q23DCZC | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NutriRise Saffron Extract 88.5 mg | NutriRise | 88 mg extract / 1 capsule | 120 | $19.95 | $0.17 | None stated (cGMP facility) | B0FKD8P8LW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Optimized Saffron with Satiereal | Life Extension | 88 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $24.94 | $0.42 | None stated | B003UGS4T0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nootropics Depot Saffron Extract 30 mg (7.5% crocins) | Nootropics Depot | 30 mg extract / 1 capsule | 60 | $26.99 | $0.45 | Third-party tested, per-batch COA (HPLC) | B0B69MGMFW | pick-tested | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Saffron with Affron 30 mg | Sports Research | 30 mg extract / 1 softgel | 60 | $29.95 | $0.50 | None stated on listing | B0FY497SJJ | pick-best-value | 2026-07-14 |
| Natural Factors Affron Saffron Extract 28 mg | Natural Factors | 28 mg extract / 1 capsule | 30 | $20.97 | $0.70 | None stated | B09JHVX5JK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Saffron Extract with Affron 30 mg | Solaray | 30 mg extract / 1 vegcap | 30 | $21.99 | $0.73 | Lab verified, NSF-GMP facility | B0DLYDL7HX | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Same

**Clinical dose:** 400-1,600 mg/day for depression (usually 800-1,600 mg, split); 600-1,200 mg/day for osteoarthritis
**Use cases:** depression (as add-on to antidepressants, or alone — evidence mixed), osteoarthritis/joint pain
**Form verdict:** Must be enteric-coated (SAMe is chemically unstable and degrades otherwise) and taken on an empty stomach in the morning; carries two serious safety flags — mania risk in bipolar disorder and serotonin-syndrome risk when combined with SSRIs/SNRIs/MAOIs.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/same/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/same/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/same/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/same/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/same/for-depression/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Extension SAMe 400mg | Life Extension | 400 mg / 1 tablet | 60 | $37.49 | $0.62 | None | B07D2KF4TL | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Supplements SAMe 400mg | NOW Foods | 400 mg / 1 tablet | 60 | $40.45 | $0.67 | None | B000OSSQFY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best SAMe 400mg | Doctor's Best | 400 mg / 1 tablet | 60 | $48.99 | $0.82 | None | B004YLAXOE | best-value | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Saw Palmetto

**Clinical dose:** 320 mg/day of a standardized lipidosterolic extract (~85-95% fatty acids/sterols), typically one 320mg softgel or two 160mg softgels — the dose studied, not a dose shown to work
**Use cases:** benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/urinary symptoms — evidence is NULL at the studied dose
**Form verdict:** The strongest placebo-controlled trials (STEP, CAMUS) and the Cochrane review found NO benefit over placebo for urinary/BPH symptoms even at the full 320mg standardized dose, and no benefit even at up to 3x that dose — the honest verdict is null, regardless of which product or standardization tier you buy.
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saw-palmetto/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saw-palmetto/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saw-palmetto/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saw-palmetto/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saw-palmetto/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/saw-palmetto/standardized-vs-berry-powder/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Horbaach Saw Palmetto Extract 900 mg (200 Capsules) | Horbaach | 900 mg / 1 capsule | 200 | $9.99 | $0.05 | None | B0CYR53CSZ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Puritan's Pride Flow Guard Saw Palmetto 450 mg (200 Capsules) | Puritan's Pride | 450 mg / 1 capsule | 200 | $13.50 | $0.07 | None | B008AL59IY | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Saw Palmetto 450 mg (100 Capsules) | Nature's Bounty | 450 mg / 1 capsule | 100 | $9.99 | $0.10 | None | B001KYU6EK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Saw Palmetto 160 mg (240 Softgels) | NOW Foods | 160 mg extract / 1 softgel | 240 | $26.00 | $0.11 | None | B0013OQP74 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Saw Palmetto Berries 585 mg (180 Capsules) | Nature's Way | 585 mg / 1 capsule | 180 | $19.98 | $0.12 | None | B00020HQQ4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Organic Saw Palmetto 1000 mg (120 Capsules) | Nutricost | 1000 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $13.95 | $0.23 | None | B09BG3B8F3 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Truth Saw Palmetto 2400 mg Equivalent (120 Capsules) | Nature's Truth | 2400 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $13.98 | $0.23 | None | B00XHKAL18 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Way Saw Palmetto Standardized Extract 160 mg (120 Softgels) | Nature's Way | 160 mg extract / 1 softgel | 120 | $28.51 | $0.24 | None | B0013OX6I0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Saw Palmetto Extract 320 mg with Pumpkin Seed (90 Softgels) | NOW Foods | 320 mg extract / 1 softgel/day | 90 | $23.85 | $0.27 | None | B0013OXII8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Saw Palmetto Extract 160 mg (120 VegCaps) | Solaray | 160 mg extract / 1 vegcap | 120 | $38.80 | $0.32 | None | B00020HZKQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Swanson Saw Palmetto 320 mg (60 Softgels) | Swanson | 320 mg extract / 1 softgel/day | 60 | $21.39 | $0.36 | None | B002BB43GI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension PalmettoGuard Saw Palmetto + Beta-Sitosterol (30 Softgels) | Life Extension | 320 mg extract / 1 softgel/day | 30 | $12.00 | $0.40 | None | B000LVI5FK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Havasu Saw Palmetto 3X with Nettle & Pumpkin (120 Capsules) | Havasu | 500 mg blend / 2 capsules | 60 | $27.99 | $0.47 | None | B09N44X5GZ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solaray Saw Palmetto Berries 580 mg (120 VegCaps) | Solaray | 580 mg / 3 vegcaps | 40 | $33.75 | $0.85 | None | B00B8M1ZKI | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Sea Moss

**Clinical dose:** no established clinical dose — see page
**Use cases:** general wellness / mineral supplementation (no validated therapeutic dose)
**Form verdict:** no honest fixed dose exists — iodine, the safety-relevant variable, varies more than 50-fold between products and is almost never labeled; start with less than a teaspoon of gel and only use a product that discloses iodine per serving
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/sea-moss/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/sea-moss/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/sea-moss/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/sea-moss/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/sea-moss/is-it-safe/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elderwise Raw Wildcrafted Sea Moss (makes ~24 oz gel) | Elderwise | 0 raw / DIY gel (soak, blend, refrigerate) | 48 | $14.99 | $0.15 | Wildcrafted golden (brand claim) | B08HVX1QQ6 | best-value-diy | 2026-08-01 |
| Irish Sea Moss Capsules (1,200 mg, 180 ct) | Nature's | 1200 mg sea moss / 2 capsules (1,200 mg sea moss) | 90 | $19.95 | $0.22 | Single-ingredient (no undisclosed blend) | B08QQ5FP1X | best-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| TrueSeaMoss Wildcrafted Sea Moss Gel | TrueSeaMoss | 0 gel / 1-2 tbsp gel | 24 | $31.99 | $0.40 | Wildcrafted (brand claim) | B0GG5BBXRY | best-gel | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Selenium

**Clinical dose:** 100-200 mcg/day if supplementing (RDA 55 mcg/day for adults; tolerable upper limit 400 mcg/day)
**Use cases:** selenium deficiency, thyroid support (Hashimoto's) under medical guidance; not supported for cancer prevention
**Form verdict:** selenomethionine is the well-absorbed, most-studied supplemental form, but most people should get selenium from food (e.g. Brazil nuts) rather than a standalone pill
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/selenium/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/selenium/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/selenium/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/selenium/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/selenium/for-thyroid/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Supplements Selenium 200mcg | NOW Foods | 200 mcg / 1 capsule | 180 | $12.24 | $0.07 | None | B00SJKPBNY | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Super Selenium Complex | Life Extension | 200 mcg / 1 capsule | 100 | $10.50 | $0.11 | None | B009EA6FZG | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Shilajit

**Clinical dose:** 250-500 mg/day of purified shilajit (the testosterone trial used 250 mg twice daily; the fatigue trial's benefit appeared only at 500 mg/day)
**Use cases:** testosterone support (men 45-55), exercise-fatigue/strength recovery
**Form verdict:** standardized capsules (e.g. PrimaVie) are the only form giving a truly known milligram dose; resin is scooped by eye and imprecise, and a larger dose of an untested product means a larger dose of any heavy metals it contains
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/shilajit/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/shilajit/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/shilajit/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/shilajit/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/shilajit/purity-heavy-metals/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GoodLiving Himalayan Shilajit Resin (30 g) | GoodLiving | 400 mg / ~pea-size (~400 mg resin) | 75 | $19.99 | $0.27 | Third-party lab-tested (brand claim) | B0D1NM4VHP | best-resin | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Himalayan Shilajit Resin (200 mg/serving) | Pure Himalayan | 200 mg / ~rice-grain (200 mg resin) | 75 | $39.99 | $0.53 | 3rd-party tested (brand claim) | B088VRQK2Z | popular-resin | 2026-08-01 |
| Nootropics Depot PrimaVie Shilajit (250 mg, 90 caps) | Nootropics Depot | 250 mg / 2 capsules (500 mg PrimaVie — the studied dose) | 90 | $32.99 | $0.73 | PrimaVie standardized extract, heavy-metal tested | B078K1F7ZK | best-verified | 2026-08-01 |
| Peak Performance PrimaVie Purified Shilajit | Peak Performance | 500 mg / 2 capsules (500 mg PrimaVie) | 30 | $21.95 | $0.73 | PrimaVie standardized extract | B0B192RMD8 | value-verified | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Spermidine

**Clinical dose:** 0.9-1.2 mg/day is the only human trial range with a measured cognitive outcome; retail products commonly sell 1-15 mg, frequently above that range with no efficacy evidence at the higher doses
**Use cases:** memory / cognitive aging support (evidence mixed, not confirmed)
**Form verdict:** check whether the label discloses ACTUAL spermidine mg — spermidine is well under 1% of wheat germ by weight, so a bare "wheat germ extract mg" figure tells you nothing about the real dose
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spermidine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spermidine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spermidine/autophagy-hype-vs-trials/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spermidine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spermidine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spermidine/for-memory-and-cognitive-aging/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double Wood Spermidine 10mg (99% Spermidine 3HCL) | Double Wood | 10 mg spermidine / 2 capsules | 60 | $39.50 | $0.66 | Third-party HPLC-tested per batch | B09NP4MPQB | cleanest-label-gluten-free | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Spermidine Wheat Germ | Nutricost | 1500 mg wheat germ extract / 3 capsules | 40 | $44.95 | $1.12 | GMP-compliant, ISO-accredited lab testing (identity/purity — not an independently verified spermidine-mg assay) | B0BJ347ZRK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| HUMANX Spermidine+ (Wheat Germ Extract + Zinc/Thiamine) | HUMANX | 998 mg wheat germ extract blend / 2 capsules | 30 | $49.95 | $1.67 | Third-party tested (purity claim only — not an independently verified spermidine-mg assay) | B09C2TSQP7 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Longevity Labs spermidineLIFE (CelVio Wheat Germ Extract) | Longevity Labs | 800 mg wheat germ extract / 2 capsules | 30 | $69.00 | $2.30 | CelVio-branded wheat germ extract (EFSA novel-food approved); discloses both extract mg and actual spermidine mg | B08KSGPNWL | transparency-standard-trial-adjacent | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Spirulina

**Clinical dose:** 1-8 g/day is the range used across clinical trials (the allergic-rhinitis trial used 2 g/day); there is no standardized "active %" because spirulina is a whole biomass, not an extract
**Use cases:** cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose support; allergic rhinitis
**Form verdict:** every spirulina product is the same cultivated organism, so form/potency doesn't differ between brands — what matters is a verified cultivation source and named contaminant testing, not powder vs. tablet
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/spirulina/is-your-spirulina-clean/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzee USDA Organic Spirulina Powder (1 kg) | Zazzee | 3300 mg spirulina / ~3.3 g | 303 | $39.97 | $0.13 | 3rd-party tested: microcystin + heavy metals + BMAA + nitrates + pesticides | B01MT2VPRC | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Micro Ingredients Organic Spirulina Powder (1 lb) | Micro Ingredients | 3000 mg spirulina / 3 g | 151 | $21.95 | $0.15 | cGMP; 'third-party lab tested' (no public COA / named lab) | B01DPW5FWW | — | 2026-07-16 |
| NOW Certified Organic Spirulina Powder (1 lb) | NOW Foods | 2500 mg spirulina / ~2.5 g (1 tsp) | 180 | $30.25 | $0.17 | Non-GMO, GMP; internal ID testing | B000MGR1U4 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| KOS Organic Spirulina Powder (13.5 oz) | KOS | 3500 mg spirulina / ~3.5 g | 109 | $20.39 | $0.19 | 'Lab tested by a verified third party' (no named lab) | B07JFJ3XKR | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Organic Spirulina Powder (250 g) | BulkSupplements | 3000 mg spirulina / 3 g | 83 | $20.97 | $0.25 | Third-party tested; COA on request | B00ENSGXZG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Certified Organic Spirulina 1000 mg Tablets (120 ct) | NOW Foods | 3000 mg spirulina / 3 tablets (3 g) | 40 | $13.46 | $0.34 | Non-GMO, GMP | B00HCBN674 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Triquetra Organic Spirulina Powder, made with Parry (8 oz) | Triquetra Health | 3000 mg spirulina / 3 g | 75 | $26.95 | $0.36 | USP-verified ingredient; Prop 65 approved; lab docs on request | B00XV4SNJ2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutrex Hawaii Pure Hawaiian Spirulina Powder (5 oz) | Nutrex Hawaii | 3000 mg spirulina / 3 g | 47 | $16.99 | $0.36 | GMP; Hawaiian-grown; cited passing heavy-metal screens | B0039ITKQK | — | 2026-07-22 |
| Nutrex Hawaii Pure Hawaiian Spirulina 500 mg Tablets (400 ct) | Nutrex Hawaii | 3000 mg spirulina / 6 tablets (3 g) | 66 | $30.99 | $0.47 | GMP; Hawaiian-grown | B0039ITKSI | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Zhou Spirulina Tablets (180 ct) | Zhou Nutrition | 3000 mg spirulina / 6 tablets (3 g) | 30 | $25.69 | $0.86 | Third-party tested; non-irradiated | B01F4489BS | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Taurine

**Clinical dose:** 500-2,000 mg/day general well-tolerated range; ~1,500 mg/day for blood pressure; 1-6 g pre-exercise; 3,000 mg/day for blood-sugar markers
**Use cases:** blood pressure, exercise/endurance performance, blood-sugar markers in type 2 diabetes; general use
**Form verdict:** taurine is one identical molecule across all brands — only price and form (powder vs. capsule) vary; powder is far cheaper per gram than capsules
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/taurine/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/taurine/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/taurine/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/taurine/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/taurine/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/taurine/in-energy-drinks/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Micro Ingredients Taurine Powder (1 kg) | Micro Ingredients | 2000 mg taurine / 1 scoop (2 g) | 500 | $21.99 | $0.04 | Third-party lab tested | B0C88H675D | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Taurine Powder (1 kg) | Nutricost | 2000 mg taurine / 1 scoop (2 g) | 500 | $23.95 | $0.05 | 3rd-party tested, GMP | B01MQGUFJP | — | 2026-08-01 |
| BulkSupplements Taurine Powder (1 kg) | BulkSupplements | 2000 mg taurine / 2 g (~2/3 tsp) | 500 | $25.97 | $0.05 | Third-party tested (COA), cGMP | B00ENSLW7A | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Taurine Pure Powder (8 oz) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg taurine / 1/4 tsp (~1 g) | 227 | $11.01 | $0.10 | cGMP (NPA A-rated) | B000BQSQ68 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nootropics Depot Taurine Powder (500 g) | Nootropics Depot | 500 mg taurine / 500 mg (weighed) | 1000 | $24.99 | $0.10 | Third-party tested, per-batch COA | B07HB9D44K | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Taurine 1000 mg (250 Veg Caps) | NOW Foods | 1000 mg taurine / 1 veg capsule | 250 | $17.40 | $0.14 | cGMP (NPA A-rated) | B00663G4ZK | best-capsule | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Taurine 1000 mg (180 Caps) | Double Wood | 1000 mg taurine / 2 capsules | 90 | $8.95 | $0.20 | Third-party tested, cGMP | B0CH1N1DV8 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Taurine 1000 mg (100 Caps) | Jarrow Formulas | 1000 mg taurine / 1 capsule | 100 | $12.83 | $0.26 | Non-GMO (no 3rd-party claim) | B0001VKIK0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Taurine 500 mg (250 Veg Caps) | Solgar | 500 mg taurine / 1 vegetable capsule | 250 | $21.47 | $0.34 | None stated | B00020IA6E | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Tocotrienols

**Clinical dose:** 100-300 mg/day is the typical retail and trial range; 100 mg/day was "optimal" in the one dose-response cholesterol trial; NAFLD trials used 600 mg/day; the bone RCT used 430-860 mg/day
**Use cases:** cholesterol management (weak, mixed, largely industry-funded evidence), fatty liver (NAFLD), bone resorption in postmenopausal women
**Form verdict:** annatto (tocopherol-free) sourcing matches the trial rationale better than a mixed-tocopherol blend, since co-administered tocopherol was shown to blunt the tocotrienol cholesterol effect in one foundational trial — but the overall cholesterol evidence is weak and mixed
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tocotrienols/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tocotrienols/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tocotrienols/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tocotrienols/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tocotrienols/for-liver-health/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tocotrienols/tocotrienols-vs-tocopherols/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Advanced Gamma E Complex | NOW Foods | 0 mg tocotrienols (not isomer-broken-out; label states "Mixed Tocopherols & Tocotrienols") / 1 softgel | 120 | $22.99 | $0.19 | None claimed for tocotrienol content specifically | B0013HV8RI | label-literacy-caution-example | 2026-08-01 |
| Healthy Origins Tocomin SupraBio 50mg | Healthy Origins | 50 mg tocotrienols (full-spectrum palm) / 1 softgel | 60 | $15.99 | $0.27 | Tocomin SupraBio-branded palm tocotrienol raw material (traceable, used in published trials); full-spectrum, contains native tocopherol | B004KU4S6S | cheapest-disclosed-dose-palm | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricology Delta-Fraction Tocotrienols 125mg (DeltaGOLD) | Nutricology | 125 mg tocotrienols (90% delta / 10% gamma) / 1 softgel | 90 | $77.19 | $0.86 | DeltaGOLD-branded annatto tocotrienol raw material; "No Tocopherols" stated on label | B008YQJ0CG | bone-trial-isomer-match | 2026-08-01 |
| Wellness Extract Eannatto Tocotrienols 300mg | Wellness Extract | 300 mg tocotrienols (annatto) / 1 softgel | 60 | $65.99 | $1.10 | Tocopherol-free per label (annatto-derived) | B097DD7RWL | cheapest-per-mg-annatto | 2026-08-01 |
| Sunergetic Premium Annatto Tocotrienol 300mg (DeltaGold) | Sunergetic | 300 mg tocotrienols (delta+gamma) / 1 liquid capsule | 30 | $34.95 | $1.17 | DeltaGold-branded annatto tocotrienol raw material; tocopherol-free per label | B0BYM487ZM | liquid-capsule-format | 2026-08-01 |
| Designs for Health Annatto-E 300mg (DeltaGold) | Designs for Health | 300 mg tocotrienols (delta+gamma) / 1 softgel | 60 | $89.99 | $1.50 | DeltaGold-branded annatto tocotrienol raw material (traceable ingredient source); tocopherol-free per label | B07QLNW4Y5 | annatto-standardized-pick | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Tongkat Ali

**Clinical dose:** 200-400 mg/day of a standardized water extract (most trials used 200 mg), standardized to roughly 0.8-1.5% eurycomanone
**Use cases:** low/borderline testosterone, stress-related cortisol, libido, muscle/strength in older adults
**Form verdict:** milligrams alone mislead — the disclosed eurycomanone % matters far more than raw extract weight; a "1,000 mg" unstandardized powder can be weaker than 200 mg of a properly standardized extract
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/tongkat-ali/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/for-testosterone/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/side-effects/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tongkat-ali/vs-fadogia/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nootropics Depot Tongkat Ali 2% Eurycomanone (200mg, 120ct) | Nootropics Depot | 200 mg / 1 capsule | 120 | $37.98 | $0.32 | Third-Party Tested (HPTLC) | B088GMRS82 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Double Wood Tongkat Ali 200:1 Extract (1000mg, 120ct) | Double Wood | 1000 mg / 2 capsules | 60 | $24.75 | $0.42 | Third-Party Tested | B07TTDFXFV | budget | 2026-07-26 |
| Nootropics Depot Tongkat Ali 10% Eurycomanone (100mg, 120ct) | Nootropics Depot | 100 mg / 1 capsule | 120 | $77.99 | $0.65 | Third-Party Tested (HPTLC) | B09WZ4PY86 | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Momentous Tongkat Ali (400mg, 30 servings) | Momentous | 400 mg / 2 capsules | 30 | $19.99 | $0.67 | Informed Sport Certified | B09WX9VHVX | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Tryptophan

**Clinical dose:** about 1 gram before bed (literature-wide studied range roughly 250 mg to 3 g)
**Use cases:** sleep quality / reducing nighttime wakefulness
**Form verdict:** L-tryptophan is the identical molecule across brands, so cost per gram is the meaningful comparison; take on an empty stomach or with a small carbohydrate snack away from protein for better brain uptake
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tryptophan/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tryptophan/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tryptophan/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tryptophan/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tryptophan/for-sleep/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/tryptophan/tryptophan-vs-5htp-vs-melatonin/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BulkSupplements.com L-Tryptophan Capsules 500 mg | BulkSupplements | 1000 mg L-tryptophan / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 120 | $19.97 | $0.17 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B0CKWLK292 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost L-Tryptophan 500 mg (with BioPerine) | Nutricost | 1000 mg L-tryptophan / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $14.95 | $0.25 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B01M03S1JU | cheapest-sticker | 2026-08-01 |
| Source Naturals L-Tryptophan 500 mg | Source Naturals | 1000 mg L-tryptophan / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $19.25 | $0.32 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B000GFSVS2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods L-Tryptophan 1,000 mg Double Strength | NOW Foods | 1000 mg L-tryptophan / 1 tablet (1,000 mg) | 60 | $19.92 | $0.33 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B002JNIAQW | most-practical | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods L-Tryptophan 500 mg | NOW Foods | 1000 mg L-tryptophan / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 60 | $21.49 | $0.36 | Manufactured in a GMP facility | B0019LWV56 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best L-Tryptophan 500 mg | Doctor's Best | 1000 mg L-tryptophan / 2 capsules (1,000 mg) | 45 | $19.99 | $0.44 | Vegan, Non-GMO, Gluten-Free (label claims) | B000F76BD8 | clean-label | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Urolithin A

**Clinical dose:** 500 mg/day (positive on hamstring strength) or 1,000 mg/day (used in every endurance-focused trial; added VO2peak/6-minute-walk gains over 500mg within one trial)
**Use cases:** muscle strength and exercise/endurance performance in middle-aged and older adults
**Form verdict:** molecular form matters as much as milligrams — every human trial dose refers to FREE urolithin A; urolithin A diacetate has never itself been tested in a human trial and should not be assumed dose-equivalent
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/urolithin-a/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/urolithin-a/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/urolithin-a/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/urolithin-a/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/urolithin-a/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/urolithin-a/for-muscle-and-exercise-endurance/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutri Urolithin A DIACETATE | Nutri | 1000 mg urolithin A diacetate / 2 capsules | 15 | $31.67 | $2.11 | No third-party testing disclosed | B0CC438LCK | cheapest-per-day-wrong-molecule | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Renual | Pure Encapsulations | 250 mg free urolithin A (Mitopure-branded) / 2 capsules | 30 | $79.00 | $2.63 | Mitopure-branded free urolithin A (Amazentis raw material, the ingredient used in every human trial cited on this site) — bundled with resveratrol 150mg + CoQ10 60mg per serving | B08VDB31YY | closest-to-trial-grade-caveated | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin A

**Clinical dose:** RDA 900 mcg RAE/day (men), 700 mcg RAE/day (women), 770 mcg RAE (pregnancy), 1300 mcg RAE (lactation); upper limit 3,000 mcg RAE/day (10,000 IU) for preformed vitamin A only
**Use cases:** correcting a diagnosed vitamin A deficiency (most people do not need to supplement preformed vitamin A)
**Form verdict:** most people are already replete from food and should NOT supplement preformed vitamin A without a documented reason; if you do, the lowest-dose product within the RDA-to-UL range is the honest pick, not the highest-potency one
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-a/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-a/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-a/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-a/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-a/preformed-vs-beta-carotene/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-a/pregnancy-safety/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Vitamin A 25,000 IU, 500 Softgels | Nutricost | 25000 IU / 1 softgel | 500 | $20.95 | $0.04 | None stated | B0BBPZS9JQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Supplements Vitamin A (Fish Liver Oil) 10,000 IU, 100 Softgels | NOW Foods | 10000 IU / 1 softgel | 100 | $4.70 | $0.05 | None stated | B001F0R9G2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Vitamin A (Fish Liver Oil) 25,000 IU, 250 Softgels | NOW Foods | 25000 IU / 1 softgel | 250 | $13.99 | $0.06 | None stated | B001B4P0I6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Dry Vitamin A 1,500mcg (5,000 IU), 100 Tablets | Solgar | 5000 IU / 1 tablet | 100 | $7.33 | $0.07 | None stated | B000VZ1D6Y | best-overall | 2026-08-01 |
| Carlson Vitamin A Solubilized, 10,000 IU (3,000mcg RAE), 100 Softgels | Carlson | 10000 IU / 1 softgel | 100 | $10.12 | $0.10 | None stated | B06XSM6GZ7 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Country Life Vitamin A 10,000 IU — 50% Beta-Carotene & 50% Retinyl Palmitate, 100 Tablets | Country Life | 10000 IU / 1 tablet | 100 | $13.99 | $0.14 | None stated | B00020IL1S | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin B12

**Clinical dose:** RDA 2.4 mcg/day for maintenance; 1,000-2,000 mcg/day oral for one to three months to correct a confirmed deficiency, effective even in pernicious anemia
**Use cases:** B12 deficiency correction (including pernicious anemia), maintenance for vegans/vegetarians, adults 50+, metformin or PPI users
**Form verdict:** form (methylcobalamin vs. cyanocobalamin) and delivery (sublingual vs. swallowed) barely matter — a 2025 systematic review found no significant difference in raising blood levels; buy whichever you'll take consistently
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/vitamin-b12/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carlyle Vitamin B12 100 mcg (200 Tablets) | Carlyle | 100 mcg / 1 tablet | 200 | $6.99 | $0.03 | None | B0B64JX9M7 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Vitamin B12 1000 mcg Sublingual Fast Dissolve | Nature Made | 1000 mcg / 1 fast dissolve tablet | 150 | $16.57 | $0.11 | USP Verified | B0828JPPMX | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Jarrow Formulas Methyl B-12 1000 mcg Lemon | Jarrow Formulas | 1000 mcg / 1 chewable tablet | 100 | $11.92 | $0.12 | None | B002FJW3ZY | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Methylcobalamin (Vitamin B12) 5000 mcg Sublingual Nuggets | Solgar | 5000 mcg / 1 nugget (sublingual) | 60 | $13.49 | $0.22 | None | B001LR047U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Methyl B-12 5000 mcg Lozenges | NOW Foods | 5000 mcg / 1 lozenge | 60 | $15.08 | $0.25 | None | B003O1R73U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Vitamin B12 as Methylcobalamin 1 mg | Thorne | 1000 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $24.00 | $0.40 | NSF Certified for Sport | B002BKW1YA | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin B6

**Clinical dose:** up to 100 mg/day for PMS, 30 mg/day for pregnancy nausea; RDA ~1.3-1.7 mg/day; Upper Limit 100 mg/day
**Use cases:** pms symptoms, pregnancy-related nausea
**Form verdict:** sane everyday dose is ≤25 mg/day elemental B6; P5P labels can overstate elemental B6 content, and 100 mg/day is the same as the Upper Limit with no safety margin
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-b6/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-b6/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-b6/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-b6/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-b6/for-pms-and-nausea/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-b6/neuropathy-and-the-upper-limit/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl) 25 mg (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 25 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 240 | $11.95 | $0.05 | None | B0B3LHGB19 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine HCl) 100 mg (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 100 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 240 | $11.95 | $0.05 | None | B01IJ32F34 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine HCl) 100 mg (250 Capsules) | NOW Foods | 100 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 250 | $12.24 | $0.05 | None | B005P0XRK0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Vitamin B6 25 mg (100 Tablets) | Solgar | 25 mg B6 / 1 tablet | 100 | $6.37 | $0.06 | None | B000Z8VGE6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost P5P Vitamin B6 50 mg (240 Capsules) | Nutricost | 50 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 240 | $16.95 | $0.07 | None | B08YS9T41V | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Vitamin B6 100 mg (100 Tablets) | Nature's Bounty | 100 mg B6 / 1 tablet | 100 | $6.50 | $0.07 | None | B0006NIOJA | — | 2026-07-17 |
| Nature Made Vitamin B6 100 mg (100 Tablets, USP) | Nature Made | 100 mg B6 / 1 tablet | 100 | $10.49 | $0.11 | USP Verified | B018EAQ6YG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW P-5-P 50 mg with Magnesium (90 Capsules) | NOW Foods | 33 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 90 | $12.70 | $0.14 | None | B0753G21CW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Country Life P-5-P 50 mg (100 Tablets) | Country Life | 34 mg B6 / 1 tablet | 100 | $14.99 | $0.15 | None | B0019GXQK0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate 100 mg (60 Capsules) | Life Extension | 100 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 60 | $16.50 | $0.28 | None | B004BZKZ0U | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations P5P 50 (180 Capsules) | Pure Encapsulations | 50 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 180 | $52.50 | $0.29 | None | B001WUTBBQ | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate (180 Capsules) | Thorne | 34 mg B6 / 1 capsule | 180 | $56.00 | $0.31 | None | B000KJPPTC | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin C

**Clinical dose:** RDA 75-90 mg/day; practical max ~200-400 mg/day split into two doses since absorption saturates near 200 mg/dose
**Use cases:** general antioxidant/immune support, iron absorption boost, cold duration (not prevention)
**Form verdict:** 1,000 mg megadoses give little added benefit over ~200-400 mg since plasma saturates; liposomal shows modestly higher blood levels but unproven real-world benefit over plain ascorbic acid
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/vitamin-c/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-c/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-c/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-c/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-c/for-immune-system/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-c/forms-compared/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-c/how-long-to-work/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Vitamin C-1000 with Bioflavonoids | NOW Foods | 1000 mg / 1 capsule | 250 | $18.50 | $0.07 | None | B0013OUNK4 | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Vitamin C 1000 mg Caplets | Nature's Bounty | 1000 mg / 1 caplet | 100 | $6.97 | $0.07 | None | B0061GLRN6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Vitamin C 1000 mg Extra Strength | Nature Made | 1000 mg / 1 tablet | 100 | $8.69 | $0.08 | USP Verified | B0000DJASY | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Vitamin C with Flavonoids | Thorne | 500 mg / 1 capsule | 90 | $23.00 | $0.51 | NSF Certified for Sport | B09FYFM7N3 | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin D3

**Clinical dose:** maintenance 1,000-2,000 IU/day; deficiency correction 4,000-5,000 IU/day for 8-12 weeks then retest; NIH Upper Limit 4,000 IU/day
**Use cases:** bone health, immune support, deficiency correction
**Form verdict:** use D3 (cholecalciferol), not D2 (ergocalciferol), since D3 raises blood levels more reliably; pair 4,000+ IU/day with K2 (100-200 mcg) as a reasonable precaution
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/vitamin-d3/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature Made Vitamin D3 2000 IU | Nature Made | 2000 mg / 1 softgel | 250 | $15.71 | $0.06 | USP Verified | B004GJYTF8 | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Vitamin D3 5000 IU | NOW Foods | 5000 mg / 1 softgel | 240 | $11.97 | $0.06 | None | B0032BH76O | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Vitamin D3 5000 IU | Nature Made | 5000 mg / 1 softgel | 180 | $14.19 | $0.07 | USP Verified | B008GC9T6A | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Vitamin D3 + K2 Liquid | Thorne | 1000 mg / 2 drops (~1000 IU D3 + K2) | 600 | $34.00 | $0.11 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0038NF8MG | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Garden of Life Organics Vegan D3 Spray (1000 IU) | Garden of Life | 1000 mg / 1 spray | 125 | $15.44 | $0.12 | USDA Organic, Vegan | B00K5NEPLW | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nordic Naturals Vitamin D3 1000 IU | Nordic Naturals | 1000 mg / 1 mini softgel | 120 | $15.26 | $0.13 | None | B002JOS7WS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Vitamin D3 + K2 (5000 IU + 100mcg MK-7) | Sports Research | 5000 mg / 1 veggie softgel | 120 | $38.59 | $0.32 | Non-GMO Verified, Vegan | B07NXW4GW7 | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin E

**Clinical dose:** RDA ~15 mg (~22 IU)/day, usually met by diet; the standard 400 IU bottle dose (~18x RDA) is NOT a recommended daily dose — it is the dose where large trials found harm signals; UL 1,000 mg/day supplemental
**Use cases:** general antioxidant support (true deficiency is rare; most people meet the RDA from food)
**Form verdict:** do not take the standard 400 IU bottle dose routinely — large randomized trials linked it to increased prostate cancer, heart failure, and all-cause mortality; food covers the RDA for most people and no supplement is usually needed
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-e/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-e/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-e/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-e/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-e/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-e/natural-vs-synthetic-and-dose/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature's Bounty Vitamin E 400 IU Natural d-Alpha (120 Softgels) | Nature's Bounty | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 120 | $9.99 | $0.08 | None | B001KYW8BE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature Made Vitamin E 180 mg (400 IU) dl-Alpha (100 Softgels, USP) | Nature Made | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 100 | $8.08 | $0.08 | USP Verified | B0012DENSE | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Vitamin E-400 IU d-Alpha Tocopheryl (250 Softgels) | NOW Foods | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 250 | $27.95 | $0.11 | None | B0013OSMC0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Vitamin E-400 with Mixed Tocopherols (100 Softgels) | NOW Foods | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 100 | $14.29 | $0.14 | None | B0001SR8J2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Vitamin E 268 mg (400 IU) d-Alpha + Mixed Tocopherols (100 Softgels) | Solgar | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 100 | $13.74 | $0.14 | None | B0001VURB0 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Nature's Bounty Vitamin E 400 IU Pure dl-Alpha (120 Softgels) | Nature's Bounty | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 120 | $19.94 | $0.16 | None | B01IAID1H2 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Puritan's Pride Vitamin E 400 IU Natural d-Alpha (100 Softgels) | Puritan's Pride | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 100 | $30.49 | $0.30 | None | B004R5ZMV6 | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Doctor's Best Vitamin E Tocotrienols (TocoGaia) (60 Softgels) | Doctor's Best | 20 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 60 | $19.99 | $0.33 | None | B00AZQXO3E | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Gamma E Mixed Tocopherols (60 Softgels) | Life Extension | 45 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 60 | $24.00 | $0.40 | None | B01KYK9D4Y | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Pure Encapsulations Vitamin E with Mixed Tocopherols (90 Softgels) | Pure Encapsulations | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 90 | $37.50 | $0.42 | None | B0017QCEFK | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Gamma E Mixed Tocopherols & Tocotrienols (60 Softgels) | Life Extension | 45 IU alpha-tocopherol / 1 softgel | 60 | $30.00 | $0.50 | None | B000VHV3BM | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Metagenics Vitamin E Mixed Tocopherols E Complex 1:1 (60 Softgels) | Metagenics | 400 IU alpha-tocopherol / 2 softgels | 30 | $33.95 | $1.13 | None | B003BI2MEU | — | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin K

**Clinical dose:** Adequate Intake 120 mcg/day (men) / 90 mcg/day (women); MK-7 trial-anchored dose 90-180 mcg/day; no established Upper Limit
**Use cases:** general dietary insurance (K1) and bone/vascular calcium routing (K2/MK-7); critical warfarin interaction
**Form verdict:** K1 covers general dietary insurance from leafy greens; for supplementation MK-7 (not MK-4) is practical since MK-4 needs a pharmacologic ~45 mg/day (roughly 450-1,000x an MK-7 dose) to show any effect in trials
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k/deficiency-signs/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k/warfarin-and-blood-thinners/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Vitamin K-2 100 mcg, Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) | NOW Foods | 100 mcg / 1 veg capsule | 100 | $9.05 | $0.09 | None | B0013EJ5QM | k2-mk4-standalone | 2026-08-01 |
| Bluebonnet Vitamin K1 100 mcg | Bluebonnet | 100 mcg / 1 caplet | 100 | $10.36 | $0.10 | None | B000I48QBS | k1-standalone | 2026-08-01 |
| Nutricost Vitamin D3 (5,000 IU) + K2 (MK-7 100 mcg) | Nutricost | 100 mcg / 1 softgel | 120 | $14.95 | $0.12 | None | B07K3VFVJC | d3-k2-combo | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Vitamin K (K1 + MK-4 + MK-7) | Thorne | 100 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $30.50 | $0.51 | Third-party tested | B0797N3F9T | multi-form-blend | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Vitamin K2

**Clinical dose:** 90-200 mcg/day of MK-7 (the two landmark 3-year trials used 180 mcg/day); MK-4 is dosed completely differently (up to 45 mg/day) and is not interchangeable mcg-for-mcg with MK-7
**Use cases:** bone density support, arterial stiffness/vascular support, often paired with vitamin D; critical warfarin interaction
**Form verdict:** MK-7 is the practical everyday K2 form (long half-life, effective at micrograms); vitamin K2 directly opposes warfarin and must never be started, stopped, or changed without the prescribing doctor managing it
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/best-overall/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/does-it-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/how-long-to-work/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/vitamin-k2/mk7-vs-mk4/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutricost Vitamin K2 MK-7 100 mcg | Nutricost | 100 mcg / 1 softgel | 240 | $17.95 | $0.07 | None | B09126BY8S | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods MK-7 Vitamin K2 100 mcg | NOW Foods | 100 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $13.35 | $0.22 | None | B004QD4PHQ | quality | 2026-08-01 |
| Life Extension Super K | Life Extension | 1180 mcg / 1 softgel | 90 | $22.47 | $0.25 | None | B07RL1J9BV | comprehensive | 2026-08-01 |
| NOW Foods Vitamin K2 (MK-7) 300 mcg | NOW Foods | 300 mcg / 1 capsule | 60 | $18.30 | $0.31 | None | B086QYVQSZ | high-dose | 2026-08-01 |
| Sports Research Vitamin D3 + K2 | Sports Research | 100 mcg / 1 softgel | 30 | $16.95 | $0.57 | None | B08YD4JRXV | d3-combo | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Zinc

**Clinical dose:** RDA 11 mg/day (men) / 8 mg/day (women); typical daily supplement 15-30 mg; upper limit for ongoing daily intake is 40 mg/day
**Use cases:** immune sufficiency, general zinc adequacy (daily supplementation)
**Form verdict:** well-absorbed forms (picolinate, glycinate, citrate, gluconate) at 15-30 mg/day with food; avoid zinc oxide as the main source since it is the most poorly absorbed common form
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/supplements/zinc/
**Guides:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/best-overall/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/best-time-to-take/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/dosage-guide/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/for-immune-cold/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/forms-compared/ · https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/picolinate-vs-glycinate/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOW Foods Zinc Glycinate 30mg (120ct) | NOW Foods | 30 mg / 1 softgel | 120 | $11.01 | $0.09 | None | B002JNCXME | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Solgar Zinc Citrate 30 mg (100 Vegetable Capsules) | Solgar | 30 mg / 1 vegetable capsule | 100 | $9.74 | $0.10 | None | B0011FT5GS | — | 2026-08-01 |
| Garden of Life Vitamin Code Raw Zinc (30mg, 60ct) | Garden of Life | 30 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $11.19 | $0.18 | Non-GMO Verified | B0098U0QC0 | budget | 2026-08-01 |
| Thorne Zinc Picolinate 30mg (60ct) | Thorne | 30 mg / 1 capsule | 60 | $20.00 | $0.34 | NSF Certified for Sport | B0012ZQPKG | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---

## Zinc Lozenge

**Clinical dose:** ~75-100 mg/day total zinc, split across lozenges (roughly one every 2-3 waking hours), as zinc acetate or gluconate, started within 24 hours of symptom onset, for the duration of the cold only (typically under a week) — this is a distinct short-term protocol, not the same as a daily 15-30 mg capsule
**Use cases:** shortening the duration of an active common cold (NOT prevention, NOT daily immune maintenance)
**Form verdict:** cold lozenges (zinc acetate or gluconate, dissolved in the mouth) are a separate high-dose short-term protocol from daily zinc capsules; the site is explicit that a swallowed daily zinc capsule does NOT shorten colds, and the lozenge dose must not be taken long-term (copper deficiency risk above 40 mg/day)
**Main page:** https://verifiedsupplementdata.com/zinc/forms-compared/

| Product | Brand | Dose/Serving | Servings | Price | Cost/Day | Certification | ASIN | Pick | Price verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature's Way Zinc Lozenges with Vitamin C & Echinacea (60 Lozenges) | Nature's Way | 23 mg / 1 lozenge | 60 | $5.04 | $0.08 | None | B00024D3SK | best-value | 2026-08-01 |
| Quantum Health TheraZinc Elderberry Zinc Lozenges (18 Lozenges) | Quantum Health | 7 mg / 1 lozenge | 18 | $9.99 | $0.56 | None | B06XVYR19G | quality | 2026-08-01 |

---